“…Lubic, 4 Rising, 5,6 and Hosford 7 have discussed nurse‐midwifery intrapartal care in the context of client participation and responsibility for care, selectivity of intervention, and variety of care settings. Lang 8 has described the importance of continuous attendance by the midwife in decreasing the need for diagnostic procedures and interference, and in decreasing maternal fear and need for pain medication. Haire 9 has reported on a nurse‐midwifery service in a large municipal hospital, where most laboring women are encouraged to drink clear fluids and ambulate during labor, and documented a high proportion of spontaneous vaginal deliveries using local or no anesthesia.…”