Team Process and Players’ Psychological Responses to Failure in a National Volleyball Team

Males, Jonathan R.; Kerr, John H.; Thatcher, Joanne; Bellew, Emma

doi:10.1123/tsp.20.3.275

Cited by 17 publications

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“…Males, Kerr, and Gerkovich (1998) showed that the mastery state was prevalent throughout most stages of a canoe slalom competition and that the exceptions when a sympathy state was operative were times of either self-doubt or self-pity after failure. Similarly, Males and Kerr (2006) showed that in national standard volleyball players, the mastery state was the preferred orientation towards the competition. As the team's performance declined through a tournament, mastery became either less salient as some players reversed to sympathy states, or a source of stress to those who remained in the mastery state and resented losing.…”

Section: Utilising the Full Range Of Mastery Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaborating the Mastery State and the Confidence Frame

Males¹,

Kerr²,

Hudson³

2015

JMEP

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The role of the mastery metamotivational state and the antecedents of the confidence frame have, until now, been poorly defined in reversal theory (RT) research. The purpose of this theoretical manuscript is to provide an elaboration of RT's mastery state and more clearly define its relationship with protective confidence frames, its interaction with other metamotivational states, and its antecedents. By exploiting the full theoretical range of the mastery state to consider the autocentric (striving against others) and intra-autic (striving with self), alloic (enabling others) and pro-autic (striving with others) states, we develop a series of propositions describing the relationship between mastery state combinations and sports performance. This more detailed elaboration of the confidence frame argues that it is primarily a function of the mastery state, which operates with either the telic or paratelic states to create a focused state of mind (compare to flow), that is conducive to sports performance. It has also been suggested that an individual's level of risk tolerance is mediated by the interaction between mastery and telic/paratelic dominance. This offers a different perspective not only on participation in competitive sport, but also on how different individuals might appraise any form of risk.Keywords: mastery motivational state, protective confidence frame, self-confidence , sport performance, reversal theorIn reversal theory (RT; Apter, 1992Apter, , 2001), the mastery metamotivational state is the motivational orientation that leads the individual to value having power and control, either over others or oneself. When it is operative, winning or success (i.e., gaining in felt transactional outcome) generates pleasant feelings such as pride and satisfaction. Losing or failure (i.e., losing in felt transactional outcome) generates negative emotions such as humiliation, and, when an athlete's needs for power and control are not being met, this can result in tension-stress. This theoretical manuscript provides an elaboration of RT's mastery state and more clearly defines its relationship with protective confidence frames, its interaction with other metamotivational states, and its antecedents. The manuscript is set in the context of sport and exercise psychology, but the arguments presented have implications for other areas of psychology, and for human endeavour and performance in general. It is intended as a discussion docJonathan R. Males, Performance1, London, UK; John H. Kerr, University of British Columbia; Joanne Hudson, School of Sport, Leeds Beckett University.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Dr. Jonathan Males, Performance1, 124 Victoria Road London, UK, N22 7XQ, E-mail: malesjr@gmail.com ument aimed at stimulating debate and thinking about the nature and role of the mastery state in RT. Utilising the Full Range of Mastery StatesWilson's (1999) contention that sustained and successful participation in competition requires the mastery state to be operative has received ...

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Section: Utilising the Full Range Of Mastery Statesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elaborating the Mastery State and the Confidence Frame

Males¹,

Kerr²,

Hudson³

2015

JMEP

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“…The effects of a set on performance have been studied according to its temporal sequence within a competitive game (Marcelino, Mesquita, Palao, & Sampaio, 2009;Marcelino et al, 2010). This is because the nature of each set can influence team tactical performance (Jorg & Wolfgang, 2007), psychologically (Males, Kerr, Thatcher, & Bellew, 2006) and physiologically (Sheppard, Gabbett, & Stanganelli, 2009). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How players exploit variability and regularity of game actions in female volleyball teams

Ramos

Coutinho

Davids

et al. 2017

European Journal of Sport Science

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Variability analysis has been used to understand how competitive constraints shape different behaviours in team sports. In this study we analysed and compared variability of tactical performance indices in players within complex I at two different competitive levels in volleyball. We also examined Results showed differences between elite and national teams for all variables, which were co-adapted to the competitive constraints of set type and set periods. Elite teams exploited system stability in setting conditions and block opposition, but greater unpredictability in zone and tempo of attack. These findings suggest that uncertainty in attacking actions was a key factor that could only be achieved with greater performance stability in other game actions. Data suggested how coaches could help setters develop the capacity to play at faster tempos, diversifying attack zones, especially at critical moments in competition.

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“…Thus, sport performance is best conceptualised, not as a single challenge requiring an ideal performance state, but as a dynamic process that requires athletes to adapt to a series of challenges and respond with a range of mental performance states. Managing and coping with change in psychological state therefore seems critical to successful sport performance, a proposal that garners support from prior research that has highlighted the transitions athletes experience, the changing psychological demands of these transitions and how they can influence the athlete's psychological state and behaviour (e.g., Males, Kerr, Thatcher, & Bellew, 2006;Thomas, Hanton, & Maynard, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing a basic psychological performance demand model for sport and organisations

Hudson

Males

Kerr

2019

Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Prac

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This study presents the development of a basic psychological performance demand model (PDM) for sport, adopting a process view of performance underpinned by reversal theory (Apter, 2001). Six elite coaches with extensive coaching experience at European, Commonwealth, Olympic and Paralympic Games in individual (target shooting, squash and canoe slalom), and team sports (soccer, men's and women's field hockey), were interviewed. Their interview statements were analysed using a combination of deductive and inductive analysis procedures for qualitative data. In conjunction with the interviewer, coaches developed PDMs for their specific sports. Analysis of interview data and coaches' specific PDMs identified four main cross-sport themes or fundamental psychological capabilities required for meeting performance demands. These were: Mastery motivation, Decision making, Execution, and Teamship. The PDM offers a starting framework for a new basic performance model that is novel and pragmatic with potential applicability across sports and organisations. The model is useful in its existing form, but needs further testing, extended practical application and reflection by coaches, athletes, and sport psychologists. It has potential for use in other coaching contexts beyond sport, such as business, leadership development, education, and health.

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Team Process and Players’ Psychological Responses to Failure in a National Volleyball Team

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Elaborating the Mastery State and the Confidence Frame

Elaborating the Mastery State and the Confidence Frame

How players exploit variability and regularity of game actions in female volleyball teams

Introducing a basic psychological performance demand model for sport and organisations

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