Teaching water chemistry

Jenkins, David R.

doi:10.1021/ed050p870.5

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2008

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“…At pH 4, more than 99.5 % of chlorine exists as HOCl. At pH 10, more than 99.5 % of chlorine is ionized to become OCl -and only less than 0.5 % exists as HOCL (Jenkins and Snoeyink, 1980), HOCl is known to be 100 times as reactive as OCl -.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine Resistant Membrane and The Mechanism of Membrane Degradation by Chlorine

Koo¹,

Lee²,

Jung³

et al. 2008

proc water environ fed

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Polyamide reverse osmosis membrane used successfully for water desalination is made from the interfacial reaction of meta-phenylenediamine (MPD) with trimesoyl chloride. One problem with the membrane is that its performance is deteriorated upon prolonged exposure to chlorine often used for disinfecting feed water. ATR-FTIR and XPS analysis show chlorine reacts with the amide hydrogen and is attached to the polyamide membrane. A chlorine resistant membrane has been made using a non-MPD amine and appears to be five times as chlorine-resistant as the MPD-based membrane. ATR-FTIR and XPS analysis also show the chlorine-resistant membrane picks up chlorine much less than the MPD-based membrane upon exposure to chlorine. Monochloramine does not appear to affect adversely polyamide membranes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%