“…In this framework of understanding, any use of language should be understood as political (Gee, 1999). To unveil the use of language critically, Fairclough (2013) paid attention to the mediating link between “linguistic analysis” and “social analysis.” Several social work scholars applied this analytic rigor to examine various social work conversation and interactions in practice (for details of this analytic framework in social work, see Lee and Bhuyan, 2013, Lee, 2014, Lee et al, 2019a, 2019b, 2021, 2022; Hall et al, 2013, 2020; Hall and White, 2005; Rodger, 1991; Willey-Sthapit et al, 2022). For linguistic analysis , we paid attention to lexicons and grammar (use of verb/adjective/adverb and use of declarative sentences) including the following: (1) word choices (i.e., lexicon) used as descriptors of cultural competence and alternative concepts; (2) how verbs, adjectives, and or adverbs were deployed in declarative or tentative sentences (i.e., use of grammar); and (3) how different texts were discursively connected to construct the understanding of cultural competence and alternative concepts.…”