“…For example, in a study of 305 middle grades students, Gehlback and associates (2008) found increases in student motivation after they experienced a web-based GlobalEd simulation. Most of the literature related to middle grades and secondary history teachers using simulations is dated (DeLeon, 2008) and appears in practitioner journals drawing heavily from teacher self-reports (see Alvarez, 2008;Miksch & Ghere, 2004;Moorhouse, 2008;Pace, Bishel, Beck, Holquist, & Makowski, 1990;Sanchez, 2006;Schur, 2007). Recent research related to historical simulations is limited; one study analyzed teacher candidates' perceptions toward digital simulation games in the area of social studies (Devlin-Scherer & Sardone, 2010), a second study was a content-analysis of two published social studies-based simulations (DeLeon, 2008), another study evaluated students' motivation using a webbased, role-playing simulation (Gehlbach, et al, 2008), and a fourth study investigated a semester-long simulation of the Holocaust in an upper-level history elective (Schweber, 2003).…”