“…This subject knowledge problem extends into initial teacher training courses, with Kolln and Hancock (2005) complaining that most pre-service programs for English teachers in the USA do not address grammatical knowledge, and a number of UK studies reporting weaknesses in grammatical knowledge (Andrews, 1994(Andrews, , 1999Bloor, 1986;Burgess et al, 2000;Chandler et al, 1988;Hislam and Cajkler, 2006;Williamson and Hardman, 1995;Wray, 1993). In Australia, Louden et al (2005) conducted a survey which indicated that teachers do not feel confident about teaching grammar when they complete their training, and Harper and Rennie's pre-service teachers ( 2009) 'showed limited understandings in their ability to analyse the parts and structure of sentences, and their knowledge of metalinguistic terms did not seem to extend past the basic concepts of "noun", "verb" and "adjective" ' (2009: 27).…”