“…Before we present the study and its main outcomes, two points must be made clear: First, the resistance to the theory of evolution is not specific to orthodox Jews. According to some surveys, the intelligent design and creationist approaches appear to be quite popular, especially in relation to the origins of humankind, even in Western countries, where there is a legal separation between church and state (IPSOS MORI, 2006;Dawkins, 2009;Sikkink, 2009;Pew, 2013;Gallup, 2017). However, European surveys (e.g., Eurobarometer, 2005) found that in 31 out of 32 participating countries, at least 50% of respondents agreed with the statement: "Human beings, as we know them today, developed from earlier species of animals."…”