Abstract:Optimal medical care is critically dependent on clinicians' skills to make the right diagnosis and to recommend the most appropriate therapy, and acquiring such reasoning skills is a key requirement at every level of medical education. Teaching clinical reasoning is grounded in several fundamental principles of educational theory. Adult learning theory posits that learning is best accomplished by repeated, deliberate exposure to real cases, that case examples should be selected for their reflection of multiple… Show more
“…This stepwise analysis enables coaching as described by Kassirer, examining the thought process as the symptoms evolve. 4 Through this standardized structure, the CPI may diminish the occurrence of the changing history with different historians, allowing more time to be spent on understanding the illness instead of history clarification.…”
“…This stepwise analysis enables coaching as described by Kassirer, examining the thought process as the symptoms evolve. 4 Through this standardized structure, the CPI may diminish the occurrence of the changing history with different historians, allowing more time to be spent on understanding the illness instead of history clarification.…”
“…Pero la segunda vez que se enfrente a la misma enfermedad su efi ciencia será mayor, pues ya tendrá un modelo mental de ella gracias a su experiencia previa. En esta etapa la manera más efectiva de construir estos modelos mentales es a través de la experiencia clínica monitorizada 14 . En la medida que el médico atiende cada vez más pacientes va construyendo modelos más efi cientes, hasta llegar a modelos muy depurados y ricos en asociaciones [9][10][11][12][13][14] .…”
Section: Conocimiento De Alto Nivel O Experiencialunclassified
La naturaleza dual del proceso diagnóstico y su vulnerabilidad a los sesgos cognitivos
Description of clinical thinking by the dual-process theory
Clinical thinking is a very complex process that can be described by the dualprocess theory, it has an intuitive part (that recognizes patterns) and an analytical part (that tests hypotheses).It is vulnerable to cognitive bias that professionals must be aware of, to minimize diagnostic errors. (Rev Med Chile 2012; 140: 806-810).
“…This component depends on science, logic, inference, associations, and decisionmaking (in essence, critical thinking). 49 Kassirer suggests that in order to effectively teach clinical-reasoning skills, a framework or roadmap of the clinical-reasoning process should be introduced as the first step of the development of these skills. 49 Kassirer also suggests using real clinical material such as patient case examples, with increasing complexity corresponding to the learner's knowledge base and reasoning skill level.…”
Section: Teaching Strategiesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…49 Kassirer suggests that in order to effectively teach clinical-reasoning skills, a framework or roadmap of the clinical-reasoning process should be introduced as the first step of the development of these skills. 49 Kassirer also suggests using real clinical material such as patient case examples, with increasing complexity corresponding to the learner's knowledge base and reasoning skill level. Case material should be organized in chronological sequence, corresponding to the framework developed for the clinical-reasoning process.…”
Canadian faculties (schools) of pharmacy are actively engaged in the advancement and restructuring of their programs in response to the shift in pharmacy to pharmacists having/assuming an advanced practitioner role. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of evidence outlining optimal strategies for accomplishing this task. This review explores several educational changes proposed in the literature to aid in the advancement of pharmacy education such as program admission requirements, critical-thinking assessment and teaching methods, improvement of course content delivery, value of interprofessional education, advancement of practical experiential education, and mentorship strategies. Collectively, implementation of these improvements to pharmacy education will be crucial in determining the direction the profession will take.
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