“…Multiple studies explore message framing, a process used to emphasise particular aspects of an issue through language choices to create or enforce different narratives ( Busch, 2021 ). Studies assert the effectiveness of using particular frames for reducing denial by aligning messages to audiences’ cultures ( McCright et al, 2016 ), identities and values ( Das, 2020 ; Dixon et al, 2017 ; Lo, 2014 ; Romero-Canyas et al, 2019 ; Turnpenny, 2012 ), concerns and risks of hazards ( Bolsen et al, 2019 ; Sterman, 2011 ; Watts, 2019 ) or co-benefits of climate mitigation ( Lawrence and Estow, 2017 ). Frames can also target specific climate beliefs: framing a message about climate change mechanisms rather than climate change risks can increase the belief in human attribution ( Rotman et al, 2020 ).…”