“…Empirical research Apfelbaum et al, 2013;Bruck et al, 1998;Chen, 2018;Chu & Chen, 2014;Christensen & Bowey, 2005;Dahl et al, 1999;Double et al, 2019 ;Ehri & Flugman, 2017;Johnston et al, 2011;Lloyd-Elredge et al, 1990;Machin et al, 2018;McGeown & Medford, 2013;Nishanimut et al, 2013;Ok et al, 2021;Roberts & Meiring, 2006;Shapiro & Solity, 2008Stuart, 1999;Thompson & Johnston, 2007;Vadasy & Sanders, 2010, 2011, 2012White, 2005 Theoretical-descriptive perspective Gardner, 2008;Groff, 1998;Gunning, 1995;Hall, 2006;Johnston & Watson, 2006;Norman & Calfee, 2004;Rasinski et al, 2008;Reutzel et al, 2014;Rosowsky, 2005;Stahl, 1992Stahl, , 1998Wyse, 2000 Review studies & conclusions Bowey, 2006;Cunningham & Cunningham, 2002;Johnston et al, 2009;Rupley, 2009 Disagree with the negative view of research on Phonics Brooks, 2007;Buckingham, 2020;…”