“…Researchers consistently identify digital tools, such as dynamic geometric environments (Sinclair et al, 2016 ), 3D printing (Cochran et al, 2016 ), virtual reality (Ulan et al, 2018 , Leonard and Fitzgerald, 2018 ) and games such as Minecraft (Andrus et al, 2020 , Fowler et al, 2019 ), as effective developers of spatial reasoning. Despite the significant development of these educational technologies and the many papers which suggest digital tools as effective conduits for developing spatial reasoning (see for example Attard et al, 2020 ; Lowrie & Logan, 2018 ; Venturini & Sinclair, 2017 ), little actual empirical work has been conducted. Also of interest was the clarification of which spatial skills and subskills were specifically developed through the use of computer aided design programs and robotics.…”