Teachers’ awareness regarding first-aid management and control of epistaxis inside schools in Riyadh region, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Background: Epistaxis is one of the most common otorhinolaryngology emergencies occurring in pediatric population due to school injuries and traumas, predisposing them to require basic yet important first-aid management. This study was done to assess the knowledge and awareness of teachers regarding the first-aid management and control of epistaxis inside schools. Methodology: Totally, 1,073 teachers were evaluated at different grades in schools of the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The age of teachers ranged from 20 to 55 years. The international guidelines for first-aid management of epistaxis were used to assess the teachers\' awareness. Results: This study revealed that nearly one-third of the teachers had good awareness regarding epistaxis and its measures. However, the site and duration of nasal position awareness were poor among all teachers. Around 68.1% of the teachers had experienced at least one case of epistaxis in their schools. Nose pressure as a method to control of epistaxis was recorded by 76.5% teachers and 23% mentioned the lower part as the area for pressure, while 12.8% told about pressing for 6–10 minutes. Conclusion: One-third of teachers had good knowledge regarding epistaxis management, especially those who had previous information regarding epistaxis first aid. However, more attention should be paid to improve teachers\' awareness regarding this area through health education sessions besides better training to apply epistaxis management.

The Level of School Teachers’ Knowledge About First-Aid Management and Control of Epistaxis in Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

“…However, the result in our study is lower than other Saudi studies that claimed 54.5%, 68%, 94%, and 56% of their respondents had previously received information [24,25,27,28]. Our results were that about half of our participants had taught students with epistaxis during their careers, which is higher than the results of an online study conducted in Saudi Arabia, which found 41.9% had encountered epistaxis in students, but it was lower than the experience of study participants from other regions of Saudi Arabia, including Riyadh (68.1%), Al Ahsa (67%), Aseer (72.6%), and Taif (66.6%) [24][25][26][27][28]. Almost two-thirds of our participants were aware that with epistaxis, they must try to stop the bleeding, which is a lower percentage than in the studies conducted by Alshehri et al, which showed 68% of their participants knew this and Al-Kubaisy et al, which reported 76.5% of their participants were aware of this fact [24,25].…”

“…Conversely, Abdulsalam et al in 2021 reported 66.0% of school teachers had low levels of knowledge [27]. Other studies with similar objectives conducted in Saudi Arabia, including the Riyadh region (2015), Taif region (2021), and Abha city (2019), showed comparatively lower proportion of poor knowledge among teachers than our participants [25,28,29]. There were variations in the results of studies conducted in Sudan, Palestine, and Turkey, which showed low knowledge levels among 63.3%, 33.6%, and 65.1% of respondents, respectively [30][31][32].…”

Self-efficacy of emergency management of domestic helpers in pediatric home accidents: A cross-sectional survey in Hong Kong

“…However, whether they could demonstrate the correct technique to stop bleeding was not assessed. Al-Kubaisy et al ( 26 ) reported that even if the participants claimed that they had adequate knowledge for stopping a nosebleed, they still ignored the importance of the site and duration of nasal compression. Further implementation research is required to determine the most effective methods for improving the self-efficacy and competence of DHs in managing children involved in home accidents.…”

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice about first aid among male school teachers in Hail city

“…[ 8 ] Another study from Saudi Arabia reported that more than half of teachers 62.88% did not attend any training about first aid and 51.26% had poor knowledge, however, 95% had a positive attitude. [ 7 ] Another study demonstrated that there was an unsatisfactory level of first aid knowledge among primary school teachers. [ 10 ] A study from Al-Robaiaay showed that sports teachers had poor knowledge about first aid.…”

“…[ 3 ] In Saudi Arabia, the main caregivers in school for children are teachers and they are their first-line protectors and the first individuals who respond to the emergencies of the students, so they should be able to deal with emergencies and disasters the students face. [ 7 ] Students in Hail spend a long time in school and they perform activities there, during the day several accidents may occur and may result in injuries. Teachers are responsible persons for children in school.…”