“…In the field of literacy education, these ideas have led to a shift from thinking narrowly about writing (i.e., primarily focusing on linguistic/alphabetic modes) towards thinking more expansively about multimodal composing (i.e., embracing ensembles of modes, including linguistic/alphabetic, visual, aural, gestural, and/or spatial). From this perspective, composition can be conceptualised more broadly than is typical in schools as a ‘production‐oriented process that uses various semiotic resources to result in communicative artifacts’ (Woodard, 2019, p. 2). This perspective acknowledges the ‘changing nature of written texts’ (Maun and Myhill, 2005, p. 7) in today's digital world, and encourages literacy teachers to shift pedagogical focus from conventional writing towards ‘designing’ texts with attention to both what is intended to be conveyed and how to best express it using multiple tools and/or modes (see Cope and Kalantzis, 2009).…”