“…The K-12 school environment is another critical setting for further closing these achievement gaps once children reach school age and has been viewed as a critical component to child development by providing stability and universal academic instruction, regardless of a child's home environment. A wealth of literature demonstrates that the quality of educational inputs, such as teacher quality (Rockoff, 2004;Rivkin, Hanushek, and Kain, 2005;Figlio and Kenny, 2007;Eren, 2019), class size (Angrist and Lavy, 1999;Krueger, 1999), and school infrastructure investments (Neilson and Zimmerman, 2014;Conlin and Thompson, 2017;Lafortune and Schönholzer, 2019), and the quantity of exposure to the K-12 school environment (Taylor, 2014;Cortes, Goodman, and Nomi, 2015;Lavy, 2015;Rivkin and Schiman, 2015;Huebener, Kuger, and Marcus, 2017;Cattaneo, Oggenfuss, and Wolter, 2017) positively impact achievement.…”