IntroductionThe purpose of this study is to investigate the reasons for choosing teaching as a second career and the self-efficacy among graduates of a retraining teaching course. The study is based on changes that have occurred in recent years that point at an ongoing increase of teacher training programs and alternative routes for academics in Israel and around the world. (Kfir, 2008;Sinclair, 2008). These programs include a variety of models; most of which the theoretical-academic requirements of teacher training have been reorganized in order to accelerate the entrance into the teaching career and the fast integration into schools. The number of people, who choose to embrace the teaching career, is constantly increasing, (Richardson & Watt, 2006). Most of the applicants are characterized by maturity and a broad perspective over civilian and military technological careers they had engaged in before choosing to retrain for teaching.The main aims of the study are: a. To investigate, characterize and compare the motives that have directed the graduates to embrace teaching as a second career; b. To research the self-efficacy of the graduates to cope with the challenges of this career.Comparison of the learners' perceptions from the various groups can illuminate the phenomenon of mature and experienced people turning to the teaching profession as second career and their feelings of self-efficacy. Moreover, the findings help broaden the point of view of the policy makers in the system of education about the justification and value of the establishment of special courses for teacher training in order to attract valuable people who regard teaching as a vocation.