“…might already exist in the form of published instructional communication theory and research which could benefit administrators and faculty in their efforts to answer the question and create personalized experiences for students. Thus, a second goal of this study involved investigating the relationships and possible conceptual overlap among personalized education and other instructional communication variables, including immediacy (Rodriguez, Plax, & Kearney, 1996;Richmond, Gorham, & McCroskey, 1987), mentoring (Waldeck, Orrego, Plax, & Kearney, 1997), and extra-class communication (Bippus et al, 2003;Fusani, 1994).…”