“…Imaging the electrode surface in order to investigate the SEI structure at the particle level and detecting the effect of electrolyte additives has been followed using different techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ( Bian et al., 2018 ; Chalasani et al., 2012 ; Hamidah et al., 2019 ; H. Park et al., 2020 ), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ( Li et al., 2020 ; Mai et al., 2014 ; Nie et al., 2013b ), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) ( Seidl, 2015 ; Wang et al., 2012 ), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) ( Huang et al., 2018 ; Luchkin et al., 2020 ). Changes that occurred to the morphology, particle size, and arrangement of the SEI layer including electrode volume expansion/shrinkage, crack formation, and delamination during battery operation could be tracked by imaging techniques ( Harks et al., 2015 ).…”