TDOA estimation based on phase-voting cross correlation and circular standard deviation

Abstract

Abstract-This paper proposes a new TDOA estimation based on phase-voting cross correlation and circular standard deviation. Based on phase delay and kernel function, the proposed method generates a probability density function (PDF) of TDOA for each frequency bin. TDOA estimate is determined by voting the PDFs generated for all frequency bins. Peak positions of the bin-wise PDFs for the target signal are concentrated only at the target time difference because peak positions for the noise totally differ among bins and periodicity of peaks depends on frequency. Therefore, by voting the PDFs for all frequency bins, the peak position for the target can be easily identified. The kernel width of PDF is determined by circular standard deviation of cross spectral phase for each frequency bin. This width control enhances peaks of PDFs for high SNR frequency bins since phases for high SNR bins are more stable than those for low ones. Evaluation with ship and drone sounds shows that the RMSE of TDOA estimation by the proposed method reaches 0.37 times that by GCC-PHAT.

High-precision time delay estimation of narrowband radio signal by PHAT-LSTM

“…In a wideband scenario, the bandwidth of the observed signal ranges from a lowfrequency ω 1 to a much higher frequency ω 2 . In this case there are many simple methods to do the phase unwrapping, such as the unwrap(•) function in Matlab, or the phase-voting method which is suited to the wideband signal [9]. However, in narrow-band applications such as localization of WiFi targets, the observed signal only consists of information from portions of a frequency from ω 1 to ω 2 , as shown in figure 1.…”

“…Compared with the group-delay methods, phasedelay methods can achieve higher accuracy. Some phase-delay methods have been proposed such as arrival in the discretetime estimator [8], simultaneous phase-unwrapping algorithm [3] or phase-voting cross-correlation method [9]. However, these methods should not be directly used in narrowband signal processing, because of the coarse estimation in the phaseunwrapping step [2,9,10].…”