TCP over scarce transmission opportunity in cognitive radio networks

Byun, Sang-Seon

doi:10.1016/j.comnet.2016.03.026

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In [15,28,[31][32][33][34][35], traditional testbeds are used in their investigations. In general, a testbed consists of USRP/GNU radio units (i.e., BSs and nodes) that exchange control messages (e.g., channel sensing outcomes and available routes) with a single processing unit such as a PC (i.e., CC) via a Gigabit switch [15].…”

Section: Usrp/gnu Radio Without Rp3 Testbedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Experimental Study on D2D Route Selection Mechanism in 5G Scenarios

et al. 2021

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This paper demonstrates a route selection mechanism on a testbed with heterogeneous device-to-device (D2D) wireless communication for a 5G network scenario. The source node receives information about the primary users’ (PUs’) (or licensed users’) activities and available routes from the macrocell base station (or a central controller) and makes a decision to select a multihop route to the destination node. The source node from small cells can either choose: (a) a route with direct communication with the macrocell base station to improve the route performance; or (b) a route with D2D communication among nodes in the small cells to offload traffic from the macrocell to improve spectrum efficiency. The selected D2D route has the least PUs’ activities. The route selection mechanism is investigated on our testbed that helps to improve the accuracy of network performance measurement. In traditional testbeds, each node (e.g., Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) that serves as the front-end communication block) is connected to a single processing unit (e.g., a personal computer) via a switch using cables. In our testbed, each USRP node is connected to a separate processing unit, i.e., raspberry Pi3 B+ (or RP3), which offers three main advantages: (a) control messages and data packets are exchanged via the wireless medium; (b) separate processing units make decisions in a distributed and heterogeneous manner; and (c) the nodes are placed further apart from one another. Therefore, in the investigation of our route selection scheme, the response delay of control message exchange and the packet loss caused by the operating environment (e.g., ambient noise) are implied in our end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio measurement. Our results show an increase of end-to-end delay and a decrease of packet delivery ratio due to the transmission of control messages and data packets in the wireless medium in the presence of the dynamic PUs’ activities. Furthermore, D2D communication can offload 25% to 75% traffic from macrocell base station to small cells.

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Section: Usrp/gnu Radio Without Rp3 Testbedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [15,28,[31][32][33][34][35], testbeds consist of USRP/GNU radio nodes equipped with separate RP3 processing unit, which serves as the decision-making engine. This enables both control messages and data packets to be transmitted over wireless medium.…”

Section: Usrp/gnu Radio With Rp3 Testbedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study on D2D Route Selection Mechanism in 5G Scenarios

et al. 2021

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“…In [2,[31][32][33][34][35][36], a testbed consists of BSs or nodes connected to a single traditional processing unit (e.g., a personal computer or a laptop) via a switch (i.e., Gigabit D-link) [2] (see Figure 4a). This allows the central controller to exchange control messages with BSs and nodes via a switch in a centralized manner, while the BSs and nodes can exchange data packets using the wireless medium [37] in a distributed manner.…”

Section: Usrp/gnu Radio Without Raspberry Pimentioning

confidence: 99%

A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study

Chamran

Yau

Noor

et al. 2019

Sensors

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This paper demonstrates the use of Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP), together with Raspberry Pi3 B+ (RP3) as the brain (or the decision making engine), to develop a distributed wireless network in which nodes can communicate with other nodes independently and make decision autonomously. In other words, each USRP node (i.e., sensor) is embedded with separate processing units (i.e., RP3), which has not been investigated in the literature, so that each node can make independent decisions in a distributed manner. The proposed testbed in this paper is compared with the traditional distributed testbed, which has been widely used in the literature. In the traditional distributed testbed, there is a single processing unit (i.e., a personal computer) that makes decisions in a centralized manner, and each node (i.e., USRP) is connected to the processing unit via a switch. The single processing unit exchanges control messages with nodes via the switch, while the nodes exchange data packets among themselves using a wireless medium in a distributed manner. The main disadvantage of the traditional testbed is that, despite the network being distributed in nature, decisions are made in a centralized manner. Hence, the response delay of the control message exchange is always neglected. The use of such testbed is mainly due to the limited hardware and monetary cost to acquire a separate processing unit for each node. The experiment in our testbed has shown the increase of end-to-end delay and decrease of packet delivery ratio due to software and hardware delays. The observed multihop transmission is performed using device-to-device (D2D) communication, which has been enabled in 5G. Therefore, nodes can either communicate with other nodes via: (a) a direct communication with the base station at the macrocell, which helps to improve network performance; or (b) D2D that improve spectrum efficiency, whereby traffic is offloaded from macrocell to small cells. Our testbed is the first of its kind in this scale, and it uses RP3 as the distributed decision-making engine incorporated into the USRP/GNU radio platform. This work provides an insight to the development of a 5G network.Sensors 2020, 20, 18 2 of 23 either as a licensed user (or a primary user, PU) to utilize its licensed channels (or cellular channels), or as an unlicensed user (or a secondary user, SU) to explore and utilize white spaces, which are the underutilized licensed channels (or cognitive channels) [4]. D2D enables nodes to access both cellular and cognitive channels to improve spectrum efficiency in order to improve data transmission rate and quality of service (QoS) [5-7]. Our ContributionsAt present, the majority of the research related to 5G presents theoretical analysis [8][9][10][11][12] and simulation studies [11][12][13][14][15][16]. In general, various theoretical state of the art and open issues are presented in [8], the effects of ultra-densification are investigated in [9], various network architectures, medium access mechanisms, and open issues a...

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“…SOCK_STREAM type sockets are full-duplex byte streams that must be in a connected state before any data may be sent or received through it [28]. The diagram in Figure 1 shows the complete client/server interaction [29].…”

Section: Unix Domain Socketsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unix Domain Sockets Applied in Android Malware Should Not Be Ignored

Jiang

Zhang

2018

Information

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Increasingly, malicious Android apps use various methods to steal private user data without their knowledge. Detecting the leakage of private data is the focus of mobile information security. An initial investigation found that none of the existing security analysis systems can track the flow of information through Unix domain sockets to detect the leakage of private data through such sockets, which can result in zero-day exploits in the information security field. In this paper, we conduct the first systematic study on Unix domain sockets as applied in Android apps. Then, we identify scenarios in which such apps can leak private data through Unix domain sockets, which the existing dynamic taint analysis systems do not catch. Based on these insights, we propose and implement JDroid, a taint analysis system that can track information flows through Unix domain sockets effectively to detect such privacy leaks.

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TCP over scarce transmission opportunity in cognitive radio networks

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

An Experimental Study on D2D Route Selection Mechanism in 5G Scenarios

An Experimental Study on D2D Route Selection Mechanism in 5G Scenarios

A Distributed Testbed for 5G Scenarios: An Experimental Study

Unix Domain Sockets Applied in Android Malware Should Not Be Ignored

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