TCDD distribution in the Spring River, Southwestern Missouri

Kleopfer, Robert D.; Zirschky, J.

doi:10.1016/0160-4120(83)90082-x

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Samples of particular importance were independently analyzed by other laboratories using complementary techniques such as high-resolution mass spectrometry or atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (53). Over 20 samples analyzed in this laboratory for PCDDs and PCDFs were subjected to independent analyses in other laboratories, including those of H. R. Buser (Switzerland Federal Research Station, Wadenswil, Switzerland) (54), Ronald Mitchum (National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR) (55), Michael Gross (University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NB) IV). The Columbia laboratory also participated in three interlaboratory studies of the effectiveness of different methods for the determination of 2.3.7.8-TCDD in fish.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determination of part-per-trillion levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins in environmental samples

Smith¹,

Stalling²,

Johnson³

1984

Anal. Chem.

344

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Registry No. H2S04, 7664-93-9. (1) La Mer, V. K.; Inn, E. C. Y.; Wilson, 1. B. J . Collo/d Scl. 1950, 5 . (2) Spurnq, K.; Hampl, V. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 1965, (3) Coutarel, L.; Matljevlc, D.; Kerker, M.; Huang, C. J . Colloid Interface (4) Rapaport, E.; Weinstock, S. E. (7) Juhos, L. T.; Evans, M. J.; Mussenden-Harvey, R.; Furiosi, N. J.; Lapple, C. E.; Freeman, G. Mckenzie, R.; Vermeersch, M.; Dorman, F.; Pul, D.; Linne, M.; Lui, 6.; Whkby, K. Afmos. Environ. 1978, 12, 105-111. 86 1-865. 38, 493-497.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potassium and cesium silicates were prepared from the reaction of the corresponding alkali metal hydroxides with silica gel in methanol at 55 °C for 90 min. The reaction is carried out in a 1or 2-L round-bottom flask which is rotated and heated with a rotary evaporation apparatus (no vacuum applied).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of part-per-trillion levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins in environmental samples

Smith¹,

Stalling²,

Johnson³

1984

Anal. Chem.

344

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“…1982), indicating an association with contaminated sediments. Sediments from the Spring River, Missouri, contained 12 ppt of 2,3,7,8-TCDD immediately downstream of a now defunct hexachlorophene facility (Kleopfer and Zirschky 1983); concentrations in fish were measurable 111 km downstream from this disposal site (Table 3). Fish from the Spring River (and also the Meremac River, Missouri) contained inordinately high levels of 18 to 78 ppt of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, prompting the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to issue a health advisory in 1982 against fish Concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD measured in selected organisms and nonbiological materials collected from various locales.…”

Section: Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For protection of human health, concentrations of 2,3,7,8-TCDD (in ppt fresh weight) in fish muscle (and presumably other food items) considered acceptable are 10 in New York State (Kleopfer and Zirschky 1983), 20 in Canada (Kleopfer and Zirschky 1983), and 25 in other States within the U.S., according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (Stolzenburg and Sullivan 1983).…”

Section: Current Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dioxin hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates a synoptic review

Eisler¹

1986

593

271

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“…29 They showed that 2378-TCDD can be distinguished from many other common interfering species including PCBs, chlorinated methoxybiphenyls, and chlorinated pesticides based on the ether cleavage products, even using a low resolution mass spectrometer. This technique was used to measure PCDDs in Great Lakes fish, 32 animal tissue, 30,31 and other biological samples, 33 but it was not widely adopted.…”

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confidence: 99%

Differentiation of (Mixed) Halogenated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins by Negative Ion Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization

et al. 2016

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Brominated and mixed halogenated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PBDDs and PXDDs) may well be as toxic as 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (2378-TCDD), a compound reputed as one of the most toxic chemicals known to exist. However, studies on the occurrence of PXDDs have been hampered by a lack of authentic standards as well as separation techniques capable of resolving the enormous number of potential isomers. Electron ionization (EI) mass spectrometry based methods are of limited value due to the lack of isomer specific fragmentation. Negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI(-)) of 2378-TCDD was described in this journal over 30 years ago. Under these conditions, the reaction between O2(-•) and 2378-TCDD results in structure diagnostic cleavages of the C-O bonds, which can distinguish TCDD isomers on the basis of Cl distribution between the two aromatic rings. In the present study, the analogous ether cleavages of PBDDs and PXDDs were studied using a gas chromatograph-quadrupole time-of-flight (GC-QTOF) mass spectrometer coupled using APCI. The results indicate comparable detection limits for the radical cations [M(•+)] and negative pseudomolecular ions [M-Cl+O](-): approximately 5 fg and 10 fg, respectively, for 2378-TCDD and 5-10 fg and 10-30 fg, respectively, for the 2,3,7,8-substituted PXDDs. Detection limits obtained by monitoring the ether cleavage products were somewhat higher (between 100 and 600 fg) but still acceptable for trace analysis of PXDDs. Such reactions may resolve coeluting isomers, which is crucial for the identification of PXDDs. The technique is demonstrated by differentiating PXDD isomer classes in a sample obtained from a major industrial fire that would not be feasible using EI or positive ion APCI(+).

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TCDD distribution in the Spring River, Southwestern Missouri

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Determination of part-per-trillion levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins in environmental samples

Determination of part-per-trillion levels of polychlorinated dibenzofurans and dioxins in environmental samples

Dioxin hazards to fish, wildlife, and invertebrates a synoptic review

Differentiation of (Mixed) Halogenated Dibenzo-p-Dioxins by Negative Ion Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization

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