TCam-2 Seminoma Cells Exposed to Egg-Derived Microenvironment Modify Their Shape, Adhesive Pattern and Migratory Behaviour: A Molecular and Morphometric Analysis

Abstract

Seminoma is one of the most common Testicular Germ Cell Tumours that originates during embryonic development due to an alteration of the local niche that in turn results in a delayed or blocked differentiation of Primordial Germ Cells. The block of differentiation is actually a common way to develop cancer disease as postulated by the "embryonic rest theory of cancer". In agreement with this theory different studies have demonstrated that embryonic cues display the capacity of reprogramming aggressive cancer cells towards a less aggressive phenotype. Herein we investigate the ability of a culture medium added with 10% egg albumen (EW, Egg White) to modulate seminoma cell phenotype and behaviour, by ensuring a proper set of morphogenetic signals. We chose to use the TCam-2 seminoma cell line that has been established as the only available cell line, obtained from a primary testicular seminoma. EW is able to: 1) modify TCam-2 cell spreading rate and cell-substrate adhesion without affecting proliferation and survival indexes; 2) modulate TCam-2 actin distribution pattern increasing cortical localization of actin filaments; 3) increase TCam-2 cell-cell junction capability; 4) decrease both chemo-sensitive and collective TCam-2 migratory behaviour. According to these observations morphometric fractal analysis revealed the ability of EW to increase Circularity and Solidity parameters and, consequently, to decrease Fractal dimension. Prompted by these observations we hypothesize that EW treatment could rescue, at least in part, the neoplastic-metastatic behaviour of seminoma cells.

Microenvironment Promotes Tumor Cell Reprogramming in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines

“…Recently we showed similar structural and behavioural changes also in TCam-2 human seminoma cells, where EW was able to modulate seminoma cell phenotype and behaviour, by ensuring a proper set of morphogenetic signals [26].…”

“…We have previously shown that microenvironment derived from the albumen of unfertilized chicken eggs (EW, Egg White) dramatically modifies breast cancer cell architecture, and promotes the transition from a cancerous metabolomic profile (Warburg-like), towards an oxidative phenotype [25] . Recently we showed similar structural and behavioural changes also in TCam-2 human seminoma cells, where EW was able to modulate seminoma cell phenotype and behaviour, by ensuring a proper set of morphogenetic signals [26] .…”

Transient increases in intracellular calcium and reactive oxygen species levels in TCam-2 cells exposed to microgravity

“…Exposure of TCam-2 cells to s-microgravity deeply affects cell shape and architecture and induces microtubule disorientation and an increase in the actin microfilament network that increased the cell width, together with a transient collapse of the mechano-sensing microvilli-like structures. These peculiar cytoskeletal modifications have been proposed to be related to the autophagy process, which is postulated to be an adaptive cell response to s-microgravity, likely allowing the cell to survive in a modified physical microenvironment 24 .…”

Shape in migration

“…8,9,18,35 The trend FD assumed characterized well the migration process. Indeed, at earlier times of migration FD increase markedly, although not significantly, in both cell lines.…”