“…This analysis showed that water temperature may also have an impact on degradation processes of butyltins in sediments. This corresponds also to the conclusions presented by Negri and Marshall (2009), who compared organotin pollution in the Great Barrier Reef and Antarctica; the authors pointed out that the degradation of organotins is much slower in a colder environment.Fig. 4Scatter plot of a principal component loadings by individual variables and b principal component object scores by sampling sites, based on BT concentrations, organic carbon, and pigment contents, parameters of the near-bottom seawater, and percentage of the fine sediment particles…”
Sediment samples were collected in the Gulf of Gdańsk, and the Vistula and Szczecin Lagoons—all located in the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea—just after the total ban on using harmful organotins in antifouling paints on ships came into force, to assess their butyltin and phenyltin contamination extent. Altogether, 26 sampling stations were chosen to account for different potential exposure to organotin pollution and environmental conditions: from shallow and well-oxygenated waters, shipping routes and river mouths, to deep and anoxic sites. Additionally, the organic carbon content, pigment content, and grain size of all the sediment samples were determined, and some parameters of the near-bottom water (oxygen content, salinity, temperature) were measured as well. Total concentrations of butyltin compounds ranged between 2 and 182 ng Sn g−1 d.w., whereas phenyltins were below the detection limit. Sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon were found moderately contaminated with tributyltin, whereas those from the Szczecin Lagoon were ranked as highly contaminated. Butyltin degradation indices prove a recent tributyltin input into the sediments adjacent to sites used for dumping for dredged harbor materials and for anchorage in the Gulf of Gdańsk (where two big international ports are located), and into those collected in the Szczecin Lagoon. Essential factors affecting the degradation and distribution of organotins, based on significant correlations between butyltins and environmental variables, were found in the study area.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2115-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…This analysis showed that water temperature may also have an impact on degradation processes of butyltins in sediments. This corresponds also to the conclusions presented by Negri and Marshall (2009), who compared organotin pollution in the Great Barrier Reef and Antarctica; the authors pointed out that the degradation of organotins is much slower in a colder environment.Fig. 4Scatter plot of a principal component loadings by individual variables and b principal component object scores by sampling sites, based on BT concentrations, organic carbon, and pigment contents, parameters of the near-bottom seawater, and percentage of the fine sediment particles…”
Sediment samples were collected in the Gulf of Gdańsk, and the Vistula and Szczecin Lagoons—all located in the coastal zone of the Southern Baltic Sea—just after the total ban on using harmful organotins in antifouling paints on ships came into force, to assess their butyltin and phenyltin contamination extent. Altogether, 26 sampling stations were chosen to account for different potential exposure to organotin pollution and environmental conditions: from shallow and well-oxygenated waters, shipping routes and river mouths, to deep and anoxic sites. Additionally, the organic carbon content, pigment content, and grain size of all the sediment samples were determined, and some parameters of the near-bottom water (oxygen content, salinity, temperature) were measured as well. Total concentrations of butyltin compounds ranged between 2 and 182 ng Sn g−1 d.w., whereas phenyltins were below the detection limit. Sediments from the Gulf of Gdańsk and Vistula Lagoon were found moderately contaminated with tributyltin, whereas those from the Szczecin Lagoon were ranked as highly contaminated. Butyltin degradation indices prove a recent tributyltin input into the sediments adjacent to sites used for dumping for dredged harbor materials and for anchorage in the Gulf of Gdańsk (where two big international ports are located), and into those collected in the Szczecin Lagoon. Essential factors affecting the degradation and distribution of organotins, based on significant correlations between butyltins and environmental variables, were found in the study area.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s11356-013-2115-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…Trace metal contamination of coral reefs from agricultural runoff, shipping accidents and operations, mining, and dredging is well recognised [14], [15], [16]. Copper (Cu) occurs naturally in the marine environment and is an essential trace element for all life; however, redox-active Cu ions can become toxic if they occur at concentrations above physiological thresholds [17].…”
Coral reefs are highly susceptible to climate change, with elevated sea surface temperatures (SST) posing one of the main threats to coral survival. Successful recruitment of new colonies is important for the recovery of degraded reefs following mortality events. Coral larvae require relatively uncontaminated substratum on which to metamorphose into sessile polyps, and the increasing pollution of coastal waters therefore constitutes an additional threat to reef resilience. Here we develop and analyse a model of larval metamorphosis success for two common coral species to quantify the interactive effects of water pollution (copper contamination) and SST. We identify thresholds of temperature and pollution that prevent larval metamorphosis, and evaluate synergistic interactions between these stressors. Our analyses show that halving the concentration of Cu can protect corals from the negative effects of a 2–3°C increase in SST. These results demonstrate that effective mitigation of local impacts can reduce negative effects of global stressors.
“…Strand et al (in prep) also reported findings of microplastic flakes identified as acrylic paint in sediments from coastal areas in Denmark, especially in areas with high densities of ships. Findings from Antarctica indicate also that paint flakes with toxic chemicals from ship hulls can be an important issue in areas often covered by sea ice, and especially in shipping lanes, where ice-breaking vessels cut channels through sea ice (Negri & Marshall 2009). Such ice-breaking activity also takes place in the Arctic and other parts of the Nordic waters through wintertime.…”
Section: Microplastics On the Beaches And In Sub-tidal Sedimentsmentioning
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