Taylor's Treadmill Menagerie

Kram, Rodger

doi:10.1242/jeb.062778

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…While the relationship between the energy costs of transport and body mass is strong (e.g. r 2 = 0.85 17 ) at any given mass there is a several-fold range in metabolic costs per unit distance (net cost of transport; NCOT) between species while walking on the laboratory treadmill 1,4,18,19 . For example, both the wild turkey and the marabou stork weigh around 4 kg, yet the former consumes 0.41 mlO 2 kg −1 per m 20 while the stork consumes around eight times that amount 21 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial locomotion energy costs vary considerably between species: no evidence that this is explained by rate of leg force production or ecology

Halsey

White

2019

Sci Rep

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Inter-specifically, relative energy costs of terrestrial transport vary several-fold. Many pair-wise differences of locomotor costs between similarly-sized species are considerable, and are yet to be explained by morphology or gait kinematics. Foot contact time, a proxy for rate of force production, is a strong predictor of locomotor energy costs across species of different size and might predict variability between similarly sized species. We tested for a relationship between foot contact time and metabolic rate during locomotion from published data. We investigated the phylogenetic correlation between energy expenditure rate and foot contact time, conditioned on fixed effects of mass and speed. Foot contact time does not explain variance in rate of energy expenditure during locomotion, once speed and body size are accounted for. Thus, perhaps surprisingly, inter-specific differences in the mass-independent net cost of terrestrial transport (NCOT) are not explained by rates of force production. We also tested for relationships between locomotor energy costs and eco-physiological variables. NCOT did not relate to any of the tested eco-physiological variables; we thus conclude either that interspecific differences in transport cost have no influence on macroecological and macrophysiological patterns, or that NCOT is a poor indicator of animal energy expenditure beyond the treadmill.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terrestrial locomotion energy costs vary considerably between species: no evidence that this is explained by rate of leg force production or ecology

Halsey

White

2019

Sci Rep

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“…The strength of the logged relationship between COT min and body mass belies the absolute size of many of the residuals; species of similar body mass can have values of COT min that differ by severalfold (Full ; Full et al. ; Kram ). This represents a huge difference in the cost of two similarly sized animals to move a given distance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetic comparisons of pedestrian locomotion costs: confirmations and new insights

White

Alton

Crispin

et al. 2016

Ecology and Evolution

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The energetic costs for animals to locomote on land influence many aspects of their ecology. Size accounts for much of the among‐species variation in terrestrial transport costs, but species of similar body size can still exhibit severalfold differences in energy expenditure. We compiled measurements of the (mass‐specific) minimum cost of pedestrian transport (COTmin, mL/kg/m) for 201 species – by far the largest sample to date – and used phylogenetically informed comparative analyses to investigate possible eco‐evolutionary differences in COTmin between various groupings of those species. We investigated number of legs, ectothermy and endothermy, waddling, and nocturnality specifically in lizards. Thus, our study primarily revisited previous theories about variations in COTmin between species, testing them with much more robust analyses. Having accounted for mass, while residual COTmin did not differ between bipedal and other species, specifically waddling bipeds were found to have relatively high COTmin. Furthermore, nocturnal lizards have relatively low COTmin although temperature does not appear to affect COTmin in ectotherms. Previous studies examining across‐species variation in COTmin from a biomechanical perspective show that the differences between waddling birds and nonwaddling species, and between nocturnal lizards and other ecotherms, are likely to be attributable to differences in ground reaction forces, posture, and effective limb length.

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A snapshot of 100 years of discovery

Knight

2023

Journal of Experimental Biology

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With a century of literature behind Journal of Experimental Biology (JEB) in 2023, I look at some of the extraordinary papers contained within its archive. From publishing Nobel Prize-inspiring discoveries to founding fields and solving long-standing mysteries, the journal has been at the hub of experimental biology for 10 decades, leading the way and shining a light on the physiology of many remarkable animal species. In this Perspective, I highlight some of the key players in the field, summarise their seminal works and consider their long-term impact as JEB embarks on its next 100 years.

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Taylor's Treadmill Menagerie

Cited by 3 publications

References 16 publications

Terrestrial locomotion energy costs vary considerably between species: no evidence that this is explained by rate of leg force production or ecology

Terrestrial locomotion energy costs vary considerably between species: no evidence that this is explained by rate of leg force production or ecology

Phylogenetic comparisons of pedestrian locomotion costs: confirmations and new insights

A snapshot of 100 years of discovery

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