Tayassuidae, Cervidae e Tapiridae da Gruta do Urso Fóssil, Holoceno, Parque Nacional de Ubajara, Ceará, Brasil

Abstract

Here are described syncranial and postcranial fragments of the holartic ungulates Tayassu pecari (Link), Tapirus terrestris Linnaeus, Mazama Rafi nesque, Tayassuidae indet., and Cervidae indet., from the Gruta do Urso Fossil, Ubajara National Park, Northwest of the State of Ceará, Brazil. The majority of the material was collected on surface of different levels of the cave, except for specimens from the Sala da Entrada portion of the cave, which were collected in subsurface layers at 0.40 m and 0.50 m. These latter points, dated through the thermoluminescence method, indicated 8,000 and 8,200 years BP, respectively. The presence of T. pecari and T. terrestris suggest a forested environment and a humid climate; whereas Mazama may also inhabit other environments. The scarcity and/or disappearance of T. pecari and T. terrestris in the northern region of the State of Ceará could be related to anthropic reasons associated to climate and environmental changes during the late Quaternary. This seems to be corroborated by the current fauna indicating a semiarid (Caatinga) environment. The presence of Mazama however, suggests that this change has not occurred drastically.

Late Pleistocene Deer in the Region of the National Park “Serra da Capivara” (Piauí, Brazil)

“…Its presence is also reported in Pernambuco [24,45], but without details. Pêgo [55], based on the dentition, states its presence in the fossiliferous deposit of Gruta do Urso (Aurora do Tocantins, Tocantins).…”

“…However, this finding increases the known area of the genus, adding Piauí State. Before, it has been already signaled in the Nordeste, but only in Pernambuco and without any details [24,45]. Today, its presence is evidenced by some fragments of its antlers, which are the most accurate diagnostic elements.…”

“…Nevertheless, Alcazar [38], found both the taxa existing in the Bonaerian to the Lujanian of Argentina. The geographic distribution of the genus includes Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil [14,[43][44][45]. In particular, it was reported in Pernambuco State by Cartelle [24].…”

Virtual brain endocast of Antifer (Mammalia: Cervidae), an extinct large cervid from South America

“…The first representatives of this clade arrived in South America in the early Pleistocene during the Great American Biotic Interchange (Goin, Gelfo, Chornogubsky, Woodburne, & Martin, 2012; Marshall et al, 1984; O'Dea et al, 2016; Tonni & Pasquali, 1999). Mainly after the middle Pleistocene, the South American Odocoileini underwent an adaptive radiation (Alcaraz & Carlini, 2003; Menegáz & Ortiz‐Jaureguizar, 1995; Oliveira, Ribeiro, Ximenes, Viana, & Holanda, 2014).…”

Spectroscopic Characterization of Eoholocene Bones Found in a Cave in Northeast Brazil

“…e GUF was discovered in 1978 in Morro do Pendurado, and a fossilized skull of Arctotherium wingei was found [7]. At GUF, several Early Eoholocene fragments of bones and teeth from small fauna, as well as gastropod shells, have been collected and reported in the specialized literature by Hsiou et al [8], Oliveira et al [9][10][11], and Viana [1].…”