Taxpayer’s Perception to Tax Payment in Kind System in Support of SMEs’ Sustainability: Case of the South Korean Government’s Valuation of Unlisted Stocks

Kim, KapSoon; Yoon, Sung Man

doi:10.3390/su9091523

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Ordered discrete choice models are generally used to analyze such ordinal response data. Among these models, the ordered probit (OP) is the most commonly used approach (Kim and Yoon, 2017;Jun and Yoon, 2018). In Equation 1, yni is the level of trust in the military n by respondent i.…”

Section: Research Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Trust in the Military: Comparatives on Perspectives on China, Japan, and South Korea

Yoon

2020

Asian Economic and Financial Review

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The pro-military tendency of people positively influences support for military policy, budget securing, and promotion of organizational commitment and cooperation. Most importantly, trust in the military plays a positive role in building a strong defense force by enhancing the morale and loyalty of military members. Therefore, the present study aims to compare and analyze the effects of diverse socio-economic factors on the level of trust in the military in South Korea, China, and Japan, which are the leading countries of Northeast Asia. At first, the study results reveal that the Chinese have a stronger tendency toward pro-military than South Koreans and Japanese, and the role of the military in China is relatively high. Second, in 2005, South Koreans with low income and financial assets and South Koreans with jobs in the government or public sector had high trust in the military. However, in 2010, the impact of these factors was statistically insignificant. Finally, South Koreans with higher income level have more inclination to trust the military than the government. Conversely, South Koreans in high age groups trust the government more than the military. In contrast, Japanese people in high age groups trust the military more than the government. To conclude that the findings of this study provide a policy implication that suggests factors to enhance the pro-military tendency of people concerning China, which is a socialist state system, and Japan, which has imperialism and experience in militarism. Contribution/Originality:The paper provides policy implications that South Koreans in high age groups trust the government more than the military. In contrast, Japanese people in high age groups trust the military more than the government, and as it presents factors for enhancing the pro-military tendency of people concerning China, which is a socialist state system, and Japan that has imperialism and experience in militarism.

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Section: Research Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Trust in the Military: Comparatives on Perspectives on China, Japan, and South Korea

Yoon

2020

Asian Economic and Financial Review

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“…The perception levels of trade transparency or fairness are classified into different proportion categories (i.e., 1: not likely at all, 2: not likely, 3: normal, 4: likely yes, 5: highly likely), in terms of respondent levels [31]. These categories are typically considered as ordinal outcomes (i.e., from the Not likely at all (1) of trade transparency or fairness to the highly likely).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where X ni is a vector of explanatory variables, β is a vector of unknown parameters to be estimated, and ε ni is the random error term capturing the effect of unobserved factors, which is assumed to follow a normal distribution with zero mean and unit variance [31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of the RCS’s Application in the Value Added Tax Collecting Process on the Perception of SME Taxpayer in Korea’s Trade Activity: Transparency and Fairness in Trade

Yoon

2018

Sustainability

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Value Added Tax (VAT) is the largest source of global tax revenue. However, it faces issues of tax avoidance, such as the black-market and missing trader intra-community fraud. Many studies have postulated that the introduction of the Reverse Charge System (RCS) will contribute to the enhancement of transparency and fairness in trade for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) that supply goods or provide services. This study analyzes SME taxpayers' perception of transparency and fairness in trade resulting from the introduction of the RCS into the South Korean VAT system. In B2B transactions that handle gold, copper, and steel scrap, large companies often abuse their bargaining power over smaller firms by not paying VAT with their purchase or reducing the prices to equal VAT, leading to low trade transparency. When it comes to gold, copper and steel scrap trading, the imbalance in bargaining power results in one of the parties being unable to reap maximum benefits because of unfairness. SMEs with relatively weak bargaining power suffer from unfair trading practices such as price cutting and the imposition of VAT by their counterparts. Since the introduction of the RCS, however, SME taxpayers appear to believe that trade fairness has improved. This study's findings reveal that SMEs are more likely to perceive improvement in trade transparency and fairness since the implementation of the RCS, indicating that the RCS has exerted a positive influence on SMEs. This study provides important policy implications for countries that intend to implement the RCS by offering empirical evidence of its benefits. fraud in which VAT is evaded by means of actual transactions without records such as credit card or cash receipts [1,3,5,6]. The VAT collection system is generally divided into two types. First, in Korea, the final VAT has the form of subtracting the input VAT from the output VAT. At this time, the input VAT becomes the seller's output VAT in the immediately preceding transaction step. Second, as with some European countries, the final VAT is the output VAT and later the input VAT is the return from the tax authority. In short, the above two ways to determine the final VAT are the difference between gross or net approach. In the case of the gross approach, additional VAT and refundable VAT exist at the same time, but when the net approach is applied, only one additional or refundable VAT exists. However, in both of the above forms, deductible and return are all possible in the normal state of the supply chain. If any one trader in the trade chain evades tax, deductible or return becomes impossible. Therefore, the cases presented in this study are notions that apply in most countries.Despite numerous revisions of the VAT system in an effort to combat the aforementioned problems, tax avoidance continues to be a prominent and ongoing issue in South Korea. It first introduced the reverse charge system (RCS) for gold trade in 2008. It has now expanded to include trade in copper and copper scrap since 2014, and then all metal it...

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“…Besides the tendency for the international cooperation in the field of tax and customs information exchange, the questions of transboundary cooperation are distinctly present on the global agenda. These questions are especially relevant in fields such as cybersecurity [5,6] and in the influence of informational security risks on financial stability, including the collection of tax and customs payments [7], the circulation of such information, and the use of informational exchange as an instrument of fiscal regulation to ensure stable development [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digitization of the Customs Revenue Administration as a Factor of the Enhancement of the Budget Efficiency of the Russian Federation

et al. 2021

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In this study, we analyzed the main tendencies of the digitization of the tax and customs administration in Russia and worldwide. The main focus of this study is on the determination of the role of customs payments in the enhancement of the budget efficiency of the Russian Federation. For this purpose, we carried out an analysis of the collectability of the customs payments over 18 years according to their different types. Our research showed that further development of the use of digital technologies in customs payments administration will be carried out in the informational exchange systems between the tax and customs authorities. We conducted an expert evaluation of the predictive model parameters to define the basic technological points of the project for the modernization of the digital information exchange system between the customs and tax authorities. The use of the suggested management decisions makes it possible to form a balanced view of the key values to perfect the customs payments collection system in the context of the future development of the digital economy and the improvement of budget efficiency.

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Taxpayer’s Perception to Tax Payment in Kind System in Support of SMEs’ Sustainability: Case of the South Korean Government’s Valuation of Unlisted Stocks

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Trust in the Military: Comparatives on Perspectives on China, Japan, and South Korea

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Trust in the Military: Comparatives on Perspectives on China, Japan, and South Korea

The Effects of the RCS’s Application in the Value Added Tax Collecting Process on the Perception of SME Taxpayer in Korea’s Trade Activity: Transparency and Fairness in Trade

Digitization of the Customs Revenue Administration as a Factor of the Enhancement of the Budget Efficiency of the Russian Federation

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