Taxonomy of Methylotrophic Bacteria

Green, Peter N.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2338-7_2

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The major fatty acids were C 16 : 0 and C 14 : 0 , which are predominant fatty acids in the genera Methylococcus and Methylomonas, respectively; however, as yet no other methanotroph has been identified that possesses both these fatty acids as major constituents. Moreover, strain (Green, 1992, Bowman et al, 1993Wartiainen et al, 2006); 5, Methylomonas (Green, 1992;Bowman et al, 1993). +, Positive; 2, negative.…”

Section: Strain Ht12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylovulum miyakonense gen. nov., sp. nov., a type I methanotroph isolated from forest soil

Iguchi

Yurimoto

Sakai

2011

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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A novel methanotroph, designated strain HT12T, was isolated from forest soil in Japan. Cells of strain HT12T were Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, non-motile, coccoid and formed pale-brown colonies. The strain grew only with methane and methanol as sole carbon and energy sources. Cells grew at 5–34 °C (optimum 24–32 °C). The strain possessed both particulate and soluble methane monooxygenases and assimilated formaldehyde using the ribulose monophosphate pathway. The major cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 (46.9 %) and C14 : 0 (34.2 %), whereas unsaturated C16 fatty acids, typical of type I methanotrophs, were absent. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the most closely related strains were Methylosoma difficile LC 2T (93.1 % sequence similarity) and Methylobacter tundripaludum SV96T (92.6 % similarity). Phylogenetic analysis based on the pmoA gene indicated that strain HT12T formed a distinct lineage within the type I methanotrophs and analysis of the deduced pmoA amino acid sequence of strain HT12T showed that it had a 7 % divergence from that of its most closely related species. The DNA G+C content was 49.3 mol%. Based on this evidence, strain HT12T represents a novel species and genus of the family Methylococcaceae, for which the name Methylovulum miyakonense gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is HT12T ( = NBRC 106162T = DSM 23269T = ATCC BAA-2070T).

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Section: Strain Ht12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylovulum miyakonense gen. nov., sp. nov., a type I methanotroph isolated from forest soil

Iguchi

Yurimoto

Sakai

2011

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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“…The aerobic obligate methylotrophs belong to distinct C, bacterial taxa that have a unique Cl metabolism, while the facultative methylotrophs that can also utilize C-C bonded organic matter belong to diverse and unrelated bacterial taxa (Anthony 1982, Large 1983, Green 1992. The methane-oxidizers grow on methane and methanol and have distinctive cytomembranes in thin section (Whittenbury & Dalton 1981, Green 1992.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The methane-oxidizers grow on methane and methanol and have distinctive cytomembranes in thin section (Whittenbury & Dalton 1981, Green 1992. Only 1 oceanic species, Methylomonas pelagica , has been recognized (Green 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They lack the distinctive cytomembranes of the methane-oxidizers and in thin section are indistinguishable from C-C utilizing heterotrophs. Two very similar marine species that are serologically indistinguishable, Methylophaga marina and Methylophaga thallassica (Janvier et al 1985), have been recognized (Green 1992). The MMA-oxidizers are ubiquitous, algal associated, and apparently concentrate with the nanoalgae in the pycnocline (Sieburth & Keller 1988/89).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have resulted in the enrichment and attempted maintenance of hundreds of methane-and MMA-oxidizing cultures. Characterizing the bacteria obtained in these enrichment cultures includes isolation, examination of ultrastructure using electron microscopy, determination of DNA base pair composition and the identification of enzymatic pathways (Janvier et al 1985, Green 1992. These procedures are tedious and prohibitive when large numbers of cultures are involved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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C1 bacteria in the water column of Chesapeake Bay USA. III. Immunologic relationships of the type species of marine monomethylamine- and methane-oxidizing bacteria to wild estuarine and oceanic cultures

Sieburth¹,

Johnson²,

Church³

et al. 1993

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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C, bacteria oxldlzing methane and monomethylamine (MMA) are readily enriched from seawater and associated manne materials, but only Methylomonas pelagica oxidizing methane and Methylophaga marina oxlhzing MMA have been adequately characterized. Antisera with good specificity were prepared against these taxonomically and trophlcally different oceanic methylotrophs as well as against methanol dehydrogenase, a key enzyme presumably present in all aerobic methylotrophs. These antisera were used in an indrect imrnunofluorescence procedure to compare the relationship of these type oceanic species to wild-type cultures from the estuarine waters of Chesapeake Bay (USA) and the open sea. Of the 32 methanotrophic enrichments attempted from the Sargasso Sea, 23 (72 %) yielded methane-oxidizers. Of the 27 isolates obtained in pure culture, 25 (96%) were identical to Methlyomonas pelagica. By contrast, none of the 54 estuarine methaneoxidizers from Chesapeake Bay were identical to M. pelagica. 13 % were related and 87 % were unrelated. The anti-MDH (methanol dehydrogenase) serum reacted to 23 O/a of the wild methanotroph cultures. Of the 18 oceanic methylaminotroph enrichrnents, 44% were indistinguishable from Methylophaga marina, 6 % were related, and 50 % were unrelated. In contrast, of the 41 Chesapeake Bay MMA-oxidizers, 12 % were indistinguishable from M . manna, 17 % were related, while 71 % were unrelated. The anti-MDH antiserum reacted with only 15 % of the wild MMA-oxidizing bacteria. The implications of the taxonomic affinities and trophic requirements of the methylotrophs to their estuarine and oceanic distribution and to their anaerobic methanogenic bacterial consorts are discussed.

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Attachment/detachment and trichloroethylene degradation-longevity of a resting cell Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b filter

Hanna

Taylor

2000

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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We are investigating a methanotrophic filter strategy for the in situ bioremediation of low levels of chlorinated aliphatic, volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). It is based on the use of pregrown, resting cells, instead of growth‐nutrient stimulations. The economic feasibility of such a filter is dependent on its operational longevity at ground‐water temperatures. The latter, in turn, is dependent on several key parameters, such as the bacterial attachment densities reached during the injection of the microbial suspension and the subsequent detachment‐removal of cells from the filter over time. Scaled attachment/detachment experiments were carried out using a representative quartzitic sand in glass 1‐cm × 10‐cm columns to simulate a filter. A rosette‐dominated form of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b was isolated and used in these and the subsequent catalytic longevity experiments. Its initial attachment, employing Higgins' medium phosphate buffer, pH 7.0 (HPB), was 7.0 to 8.0 × 108 bacteria/g of dry sand. This was elevated to ∼1.5 × 109 cells/g by including 1.0 mM MgCl2, 100 μM FeSO4, and 0.025% agar in the cell‐suspension loading buffer. These loading additives also increased the time required to reach 50% cell detachment with HPB alone from 5 days to ∼45 days. The functional longevity of a column biofilter, formed with resting‐state rosette‐enriched cells in the presence of the aforementioned additives, was determined at 21°C by challenging it with weekly 12 h, ∼250 ppb pulses of trichloroethylene (TCE). The column results indicate that for our attached‐cell filter to biodegrade TCE levels of several hundred ppb sufficiently, to <5 ppb, it will likely need replenishment at ∼8 week intervals, due to the instability of the endogenous whole‐cell soluble methane monooxygenase specific activity beyond that time period. This study represents the first time that anyone has shown that a rosette‐enriched substrain can be isolated from a well‐known methanotrophic strain and then stably cultured and utilized advantageously for a specific application—namely its improved attachment‐slowed detachment characteristics in a microbial filter.

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Taxonomy of Methylotrophic Bacteria

Cited by 37 publications

References 98 publications

Methylovulum miyakonense gen. nov., sp. nov., a type I methanotroph isolated from forest soil

Methylovulum miyakonense gen. nov., sp. nov., a type I methanotroph isolated from forest soil

C1 bacteria in the water column of Chesapeake Bay USA. III. Immunologic relationships of the type species of marine monomethylamine- and methane-oxidizing bacteria to wild estuarine and oceanic cultures

Attachment/detachment and trichloroethylene degradation-longevity of a resting cell Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b filter

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