Taxonomy and phylogeny of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): four new species and keys to species of the genus

Abstract

<jats:p><jats:italic>Sidera</jats:italic> is a polypore genus with white to cream or buff basidiomata, whose species in Hymenochaetales are poorly known. We study the phylogeny and diversity of <jats:italic>Sidera</jats:italic> based on our recent collections from tropic and subtropic Asian-Pacific regions. Phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and nuclear large subunit (nLSU) ribosomal RNA gene regions indicate that ten terminal lineages are well supported within <jats:italic>Sidera</jats:italic>. Based on morphological examination and phylogeny, four new species, viz. <jats:italic>Sidera minutissima</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. parallela</jats:italic>, <jats:italic>S. srilankensis</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>S. tenuis</jats:italic> are described, and a new combination, <jats:italic>Sidera minutipora</jats:italic>, is proposed. All these species are illustrated. <jats:italic>Sidera minutissima</jats:italic> is characterized by tiny basidiomata with bluish pores when fresh, generative hyphae dominating at the dissepiment edges, the presence of cystidioles, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.8–4.4 × 0.9–1.3 μm. <jats:italic>Sidera parallela</jats:italic> differs from other poroid species in the genus by having parallel tramal hyphae in combination with lunate basidiospores measuring 2.8–3.3 × 0.9–1.2 μm. <jats:italic>Sidera srilankensis</jats:italic> have generative and skeletal hyphae co-dominating at the dissepiment edges, and lunate basidiospores measuring 3.5–4 × 1–1.3 μm. <jats:italic>Sidera tenuis</jats:italic> is distinguished by small pores (8–10 per mm) and relatively long allantoid basidiospores measuring 4.2–5 × 0.8–1 μm. <jats:italic>Sidera minutipora</jats:italic> is characterized by buff to olivaceous buff basidiomata when dry, 5–7 pores per mm, rosette-like crystals rare, and allantoid basidiospores measuring 3.7–4.3 × 1–1.3 μm. An identification key to all accepted species is provided.</jats:p>

Global Diversity and Taxonomy of Sidera (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota): Four New Species and Keys to Species of the Genus

“…Morphologically, S. malaysiana can be distinguished from other species in Sidera by its subicular skeletal hyphae, which are usually covered by abundant irregular crystals and fine thorn-like crystals. S. malaysiana is closely related to S. srilankensis in our phylogeny (100% BS, 1.00 BPP; Figure 2 ), but S. malaysiana is different from S. srilankensis due to its smaller pores (9–11 per mm vs. 6–8 per mm, [ 2 ]) and skeletal hyphae in all structures becoming slightly swollen in KOH, while skeletal hyphae are unchanged in KOH in S. srilankensis. S. malaysiana resembles S. parallela due to its white fresh pore surface.…”

“…S. malaysiana resembles S. parallela due to its white fresh pore surface. However, S. malaysiana differs from S. parallela due to its smaller pores (9–11 per mm vs. 6–8 per mm, [ 2 ]). In addition, tramal hyphae are parallel in S. parallela , while they are interwoven in S. malaysiana .…”

“…Miettinen, with S. lenis selected as its type [ 1 ]. Sidera has a worldwide distribution and is characterized by white-rot, resupinate, white to cream or buff, mostly waxy fresh basidioma, poroid or hydnoid hymenophore, a monomitic or dimitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, the presence of rosette-like crystals and allantoid to lunate basidiospores [ 1 , 2 ].…”

“…Dai et al (= Poria minutipora Rodway & Cleland [ 6 ]), S. vesiculosa Rui Du & M. Zhou [ 7 ], S. minutissima Y.C. Dai et al [ 2 ], S. parallela Y.C. Dai et al [ 2 ], S. srilankensis Y.C.…”

“…Dai et al [ 2 ], S. parallela Y.C. Dai et al [ 2 ], S. srilankensis Y.C. Dai et al [ 2 ] and S. tenuis Y.C.…”