Taxonomy and epidemiology of &lt;I&gt;Mucor irregularis&lt;/I&gt; , agent of chronic cutaneous mucormycosis

Lu, Xinliang; Najafzadeh, Mohammad Javad; Dolatabadi, Somayeh; Ran, Yidong; Ende, A. H. Gerrits Van Den; Shen, Ya; Li, C.Y.; Xi, Liyan; Fu, Hao; Zhang, Q.Q.; Li, R.Y.; Hu, Zhangxi; Lu, Guixia; Wang, J.J.; Drogari‐Apiranthitou, Maria; Klaassen, Corné H. W.; Meis, Jacques F.; Hagen, Ferry; Liu, W.D.; Hoog, G. S. de

doi:10.3767/003158513x665539

Cited by 65 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Several studies on certain species or species complexes (Li et al 2011;Lu et al 2013) or a particular ecological group (Hermet et al 2012) used multi-marker approaches for phylogenetic species recognition in the genus Mucor. However, a comprehensive study on the entire genus is still lacking.…”

Section: Species Identification and Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014)

et al. 2014

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Many fungi are pathogenic on plants and cause significant damage in agriculture and forestry. They are also part of the natural ecosystem and may play a role in regulating plant numbers/density. Morphological identification and analysis of plant pathogenic fungi, while important, is often hampered by the scarcity of discriminatory taxonomic characters and the endophytic or inconspicuous nature of these fungi. Molecular (DNA sequence) data for plant pathogenic fungi have emerged as key information for diagnostic and classification studies, although hampered in part by non-standard laboratory practices and analytical methods. To facilitate current and future research, this study provides phylogenetic synopses for 25 groups of plant pathogenic fungi in the Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mucormycotina (Fungi), and Oomycota, using recent molecular data, up-to-date names, and the latest taxonomic insights. Lineagespecific laboratory protocols together with advice on their application, as well as general observations, are also provided. We hope to maintain updated backbone trees of these fungal lineages over time and to publish them jointly as new data emerge. Researchers of plant pathogenic fungi not covered by the present study are invited to join this future effort. Bipolaris, Botryosphaeriaceae,

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Section: Species Identification and Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014)

et al. 2014

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“…Genotyping by AFLP was performed as described before by Lu et al (22). However, for the selective amplification reaction, another set of primers was used, namely, 1 M HpyCH4IV primer with one selective residue (underlined) (5=-Flu-GTA GACTGCGTACCCGTT3=) and 1 M MseI primer with four selective residues (underlined) (5=-GATGAGTCCTGACTAATGAA-3=).…”

Section: Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, for the selective amplification reaction, another set of primers was used, namely, 1 M HpyCH4IV primer with one selective residue (underlined) (5=-Flu-GTA GACTGCGTACCCGTT3=) and 1 M MseI primer with four selective residues (underlined) (5=-GATGAGTCCTGACTAATGAA-3=). Subsequent fragment analysis was carried out as described by Lu et al (22).…”

Section: Strainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility and Diversity in the Therapy-Refractory Genus Scedosporium

Lackner

Hagen

Meis

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Scedosporium species show decreased susceptibility to the majority of systemic antifungal drugs. Acquired resistance is likely to disseminate differentially with the mode of exchange of genetic material between lineages. Inter-and intraspecific diversities of Scedosporium species were analyzed for three partitions (rDNA internal transcribed spacer gene [ITS], partial ␤-tubulin gene, and amplified fragment length polymorphism profiles), with the aim to establish distribution of resistance between species, populations, and strains. Heterogeneity of and recombination between lineages were determined, and distances between clusters were calculated using a centroid approach. Clinical, geographic, and antifungal data were plotted on diversity networks. Scedosporium minutisporum, Scedosporium desertorum, and Scedosporium aurantiacum were distinguished unambiguously in all partitions and had differential antifungal susceptibility profiles (ASP). Pseudallescheria fusoidea and Pseudallescheria ellipsoidea were indistinguishable from Scedosporium boydii. Pseudallescheria angusta took an intermediate position between Scedosporium apiospermum and S. boydii. Scedosporium boydii and S. apiospermum had identical ASP. Differences in (multi)resistance were linked to individual strains. S. apiospermum and S. boydii showed limited interbreeding and were recognized as valid, sympatric species. The S. apiospermum/S. boydii group, comprising the main clinically relevant Scedosporium species, consists of separate lineages and is interpreted as a complex undergoing sympatric evolution with incomplete lineage sorting. In routine diagnostics, the lineages in S. apiospermum/S. boydii are indicated with the umbrella descriptor "S. apiospermum complex"; individual species can be identified with rDNA ITS with 96.3% confidence. Voriconazole is recommended as the first-line treatment; resistance against this compound is rare.

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“…and Rhizomucor pusillus (1). Cutaneous zygomycosis caused by Mucor irregularis (formerly Rhizomucor variabilis) is an emerging disease in China that is characterized by progressive swelling, ulceration, and destruction of involved skin at exposed sites, especially the central face, and leads to severe disfigurement and even death if left untreated (2)(3)(4). Notably, it seemed that most of the patients infected with M. irregularis were immunocompetent (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9).…”

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Drug Combinations against Mucor irregularis In Vitro

Zhang

2013

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Combinations of terbinafine or caspofungin with amphotericin B, posaconazole, or itraconazole were studied as potential treatments against 18 isolates of Mucor irregularis in vitro. Synergism of the combinations of terbinafine with amphotericin B, posaconazole, and itraconazole against 38.9, 33.3, and 44.4% of the strains studied was observed. In contrast, synergism of the combinations of caspofungin with amphotericin B, posaconazole, and itraconazole against 99.4, 66.7, and 99.4% of the strains studied was observed. Furthermore, no antagonism was observed.C utanous zygomycosis is a fungal infection caused mainly by members of the order Mucorales that affect the skin. The most frequently reported genus in the English literature is Rhizopus, followed by Lichtheimia spp. and Rhizomucor pusillus (1). Cutaneous zygomycosis caused by Mucor irregularis (formerly Rhizomucor variabilis) is an emerging disease in China that is characterized by progressive swelling, ulceration, and destruction of involved skin at exposed sites, especially the central face, and leads to severe disfigurement and even death if left untreated (2-4). Notably, it seemed that most of the patients infected with M. irregularis were immunocompetent (2-9).Amphotericin B is the most potent drug used for the treatment of M. irregularis infection, but the toxicity of amphotericin B limits its long-term clinical application. Posaconazole has been used primarily as salvage therapy, but at present, there is no strong published clinical evidence supporting its role as a single agent for the treatment of mucormycosis (10). Itraconazole has variable effectiveness against M. irregularis in vitro (11) but was proven to be effective against some M. irregularis infections (2, 5). Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal agent used primarily to treat dermotropic infections and onychomycosis but has potential for use in adjunct therapy in combination with azoles, polyenes, or echinocandins in the management of severe drug-resistant or refractory mycosis (12). Besides, terbinafine could reach high concentrations in the stratum corneum and sebum because of its lipophilic nature (13), which provided the possibility that terbinafine can be used in combination therapies to treat cutaneous zygomycosis.To our knowledge, with the exception of some reported cases (7, 9), no susceptibility of M. irregularis to combinations of antifungal drugs in vitro has been reported. In the present study, the combinations of terbinafine or caspofungin with amphotericin B, posaconazole, or itraconazole were assessed against M. irregularis isolates in vitro.A total of 18 M. irregularis patient isolates preserved by the Research Center for Medical Mycology at Peking University were tested. Isolates were identified by both conventional morphological methods and the internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis method (11).Drug combinations were conducted by using a checkerboard method based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute document M38-A2 (14) that provided the MICs of each agen...

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Taxonomy and epidemiology of <I>Mucor irregularis</I> , agent of chronic cutaneous mucormycosis

Cited by 65 publications

References 37 publications

One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014)

One stop shop: backbones trees for important phytopathogenic genera: I (2014)

Susceptibility and Diversity in the Therapy-Refractory Genus Scedosporium

Drug Combinations against Mucor irregularis In Vitro

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