Taxonomy and distribution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from deep water of the northeastern Pacific

Eash-Loucks, Wendy E.; Fautin, Daphne G.

doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3375.1.1

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Of the identified actiniarians, one family, two genera, and 29 species represent new records for Australia or the GAB. The increasing level of endemicity from family to species is not unexpected, with Rodríguez et al (Rodríguez et al, 2007a) and Eash-Loucks and Fautin (Eash-Loucks & Fautin, 2012) reporting the same trend in Antarctic and North West Pacific regions, respectively.…”

Section: P Aldersladementioning

confidence: 80%

Invertebrate diversity in the deep Great Australian Bight (200–5000 m)

et al. 2018

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Background: The Great Australian Bight (GAB) comprises the majority of Australia's southern coastline, but to date its deep water fauna has remained almost unknown. Recent issuing of oil and gas leases in the region has highlighted this lack of baseline biological data and established a pressing need to characterise benthic abyssal fauna. Methods: From 2013 to 2017, six large-scale systematic surveys of the GAB were conducted from 200 to 5000 m depth, constituting the deepest systematic biological sampling in Australia. Sampling was conducted on soft sediment and hard substrates, both at predetermined depth intervals along north-south transect lines and at sites of interest identified by multibeam sonar. Results: A total of 66,721 invertebrate specimens were collected, comprising 1267 species, with 401 species (32%) new to science. In addition to the novelty of the fauna, there was a high degree of rarity, with 31% of species known only from single specimens. Conclusions: In this paper, we provide an annotated checklist of the benthic invertebrate fauna of the deep GAB, supplemented with colour photos of live specimens and commentary on taxonomy, diversity and distributions. This work represents an important addition to knowledge of Australia's deep sea fauna, and will provide the foundation for further ecological, biogeographical and systematic research.

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Section: P Aldersladementioning

confidence: 80%

Invertebrate diversity in the deep Great Australian Bight (200–5000 m)

et al. 2018

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“…Remarks: Our material is identified as a Sicyonis based on a combination of a mesogleal longitudinal musculature in the tentacles (absent in Tealidium Hertwig, 1882; Anthosactis Danielssen, 1890;Paranthus Andres, 1883;Bathydactylus Carlgren, 1928a;Antiparactis Verrill, 1899;Pseudoparactis Stephenson, 1920;Antholoba Hertwig, 1882), unequal development of mesenteries in a pair (absent in Pycnanthus McMurrich, 1893;Hormosoma Stephenson, 1918a;Cnidanthus Carlgren, 1927), absence of b-mastigophores in tentacles (present in Actinostola Verrill, 1883;Stomphia Gosse, 1859), and number and cycles of mesenteries and pseudotentacles present in Ophiodiscus Hertwig, 1882(Carlgren, 1949Fautin, 1984;Rodríguez et al, 2008;Eash-Loucks and Fautin, 2012). It can be further differentiated from Parasicyonis Carlgren, 1921, by the presence of filaments in fertile mesenteries (present in Parasicyonis; absent in S. erythrocephala) and number of perfect mesenteries (some mesenteries of fourth cycle perfect in Parasicyonis; no mesenteries of fourth cycle perfect in S. erythrocephala) (Carlgren, 1921(Carlgren, , 1949Rodríguez et al, 2008;Eash-Loucks and Fautin, 2012). From Synsicyonis Carlgren, 1921, our specimens can be differentiated by the number of cycles of mesenteries (four in Synsicyonis; up to six in Sicyonis and five in S. erythrocephala) and the fertility of the mesenteries (third cycle of mesenteries fertile in Synsicyonis; only fourth cycle of mesenteries fertile in S. erythrocephala) (Carlgren, 1921(Carlgren, , 1949Rodríguez et al, 2008).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For a dichotomous key of Actinoscyphia species see Eash-TABLE 5 Size ranges of the cnidae of Actinoscyphia saginata Verrill, 1882 Abbreviations and symbols: SD, standard deviation; N, Total number of capsules measured; S, proportion of specimens in which each cnidae was found; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, rather common; -, rare. Loucks and Fautin (2012). The Brazilian specimens of A. saginata agree well with previous descriptions of the species (e.g., Stephenson, 1918b;Riemann-Zürneck, 1978) and can be identified unequivocally by a combination of characters related to its shape (large, shapeless body), pedal disc (tubular shaped and attached to solid substrates), oral disc (irregular but not bilobed), tentacles (relatively long with mesogleal basal aboral thickenings), coloration (dark-brown tentacles, oral disc, and pharynx), sphincter musculature (nonpigmented alveoli), and cnidae (p-mastigophores B1 in column).…”

Section: Superfamily Metridioidea Carlgren 1893mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep-Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the South Atlantic

Gusmão

Rodríguez

2021

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

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Brazil has the longest coastline in South America with more than 7491 km of hydrologically and topologically complex continental margin. Despite its extensive coast, the sea anemone fauna of the country is sparsely known with only 54 species recorded. Difficulties of accessing Brazil's highly diversified coast and the historical small number of dredging expeditions and sea anemone taxonomists have contributed to the limited knowledge of its sea anemone diversity particularly in deep waters. Most species recorded from Brazil correspond to large, conspicuous intertidal species and only five species have been recorded from depths greater than 200 m: two small burrowing edwardsiids and three hormathiids from the southern coast of Brazil. Here, we provide complete descriptions, images of external and internal anatomy, microanatomy, cnidae, and geographic distribution for 10 species, six off the coast of Brazil and four from the southern portion of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, one of which is also present in the Southern Ocean. Four of the six species found in Brazil represent new records of geographically widespread species for the country and the remaining two endemic species have their geographic and bathymetric ranges significantly extended northward. As a result, the number of species known for the Brazilian coast is raised to 63 species, 14 of which are known from the deep sea. We also recorded four deep-sea species in the south Mid-Atlantic Ridge (SMAR), including Actinernus mercedae, sp. nov., and two new records for the South Atlantic. We found that the deep-sea fauna of Brazil shares two deep-sea species with Argentina and two with the North Atlantic. Thus, La Plata River acts as a filter for shallow water species between Brazil and Argentina but is less effective for deep-sea anemones. The diversity of sea anemones recorded for SMAR shows similarities to the southwestern Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Finally, our finding of representatives of Bolocera in the SMAR and Actinoscyphia off the Brazilian coast suggests that they are bipolar genera with tropical emergence.

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“…В организме млекопитающих существует девять подтипов Na V каналов (Na V 1.1-Na V 1.9). Для центральной нервной системы (ЦНС) характерна экспрессия Na V 1.1-Na V 1.3 и Na V 1.6 каналов, клетки периферической нервной системы содержат Na V 1.7- 6 В отличие от многочисленных нарушений «механики» миокарда (растяжение волокон, сужение просвета сосудов, аномальное сообщение между внутренними структурами), каналопатии обусловлены нарушениями электрической активности клеток. Отсюда другое название каналопатий -электрические заболевания миокарда.…”

Section: рисунок 6 -структурное многообразие токсинов актиний обеспеunclassified

Neuro- and Cardiotoxins from Sea Anemones: Structure, Function and Potential of Application in Research and Medical Practice

Monastyrnaya

2019

Journal of NBC Protection Corps

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Sea anemones are well-spread everywhere in the World Ocean and represent the most ancient active poisonous organisms. Their main instrument of attack on other animals are the nematocysts – stinging organelles with the curtailed hollow thread with poisonous edge on the end. In order to attract their potential victims, they use fluorescent proteins. These proteins became a separate object of research as genetically coded markers for the observation of activity of promotors of genes. The poisonous secret of sea anemones is characterized by the presence of maximum number of peptides of various structural classes and spatial structures among the studied land and marine organisms (bees, spiders, scorpions, snakes ect.). This fact complicates the identification of sea anemones' secret and its differentiation from poisons of animals of other taxons, if the concrete source of its origin is unknown. The toxicity of some biologically active sea anemone peptides (RpI, RpIII) at intravenous administration to experimental animals is comparable with that of the most well-known and dangerous representatives of natural toxins with the similar mechanism of action (an alpha-hemolysine and tetrodotoxin), or chemical warfare agents, such as sarin and hydrogen cyanide. Based on their toxic effect, the biologically active sea anemone peptides generally can be classified as neurotoxins due to their impact on the functioning of sodium channels in the cells of the nervous system of animals. cardiotoxic effect of sea anemone secret is caused by the specificity of interaction between its separate neurotoxins and one of the sub-types of sodium channels of muscle cells, characteristic for heart tissues. The main ways of identification of sea anemone neurotoxins in samples (for example, during the investigation of biological crimes) can be sequence by Edman`s method or tandem mass spectrometry (the analysis of fragments of toxin molecule for the establishment of its structure). Further study on the mechanisms of interaction between the sea anemone neurotoxins and the ion channels of the cells of nervous and muscular systems may result in the creation of medicines for treatment of channelopathy, as well as pluripotential antidotes, blocking the toxins, that influence on sodium channels

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Taxonomy and distribution of sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria and Corallimorpharia) from deep water of the northeastern Pacific

Cited by 15 publications

References 38 publications

Invertebrate diversity in the deep Great Australian Bight (200–5000 m)

Invertebrate diversity in the deep Great Australian Bight (200–5000 m)

Deep-Sea Anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the South Atlantic

Neuro- and Cardiotoxins from Sea Anemones: Structure, Function and Potential of Application in Research and Medical Practice

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