“…Various extralimital or non-sympatric species, such as Apostolepis adhara França, Barbo, Silva-Jr, Silva and Zaher, 2008, A. albicollaris Lema, 2002, A. arenaria Rodrigues, 1993, A. assimilis (Reinhardt, 1861), A. borelli Peracca, 1904, A. cearensis Gomes, 1915, A. cerradoensis Lema, 2003, A. dorbignyi (Schlegel, 1837, A. flavotorquata (Duméril, Bibrón and Duméril, 1854), A. gaboi Rodrigues, 1993, A. kikoi Santos, Entiauspe-Neto, Araújo, Souza, Lema, Strüssmann and Albuquerque, 2018, A. multicincta Harvey, 1999, A. nelsonjorgei Lema and Renner, 2004, A. phillipsi Harvey, 1999, A. quirogai Giraudo and Scrocchi, 1998, A. sanctaeritae Werner, 1924, A. tenuis Ruthven, 1927 Borges-Nojosa, Lima, Bezerra and James, 2016 have both white or black nuchal collars present, whereas A. ambiniger lacks any trace of white nuchal pigment and lacks collars. Furthermore A. longicaudata Gomes in Amaral, 1921, A. niceforoi Amaral, 1935, A. nigrolineata (Peters, 1869, A. pymi Boulenger, 1903, A. serrana Lema andRenner, 2006, andA. striata Lema, 2004, have longitudinal dorsal stripes whereas A. ambiniger has a uniformly-colored dorsum.…”