Taxonomic Status and Distribution of the Lamprey Ichthyomyzon cf. gagei

Lyons, John D.; Cochran, Philip A.; Sneen, Martin E.

doi:10.2307/2426655

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…gagei in Minnesota and Wisconsin that are either derived from southern populations or represent an autonomous divergence is currently being ascertained using these methods (Cochran 1987; Lyons et al. 1997). Despite the need for additional research to control potential confounding factors demonstrated in this study and to test these protocols across more taxonomic groups, our results provide evidence that these methods could unlock the wealth of information housed in natural history collections for use in fish management and conservation genomics of diverse lineages of freshwater fishes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the genomes of formalin‐fixed freshwater fish specimens: An assessment of factors influencing DNA extraction quantity and quality

Brino,

Schumann,

Rezac

et al. 2023

N American J Fish Manag

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Recent technological developments may facilitate the description of evolutionary relationships and population genetic structure, and other information relevant to fisheries management using readily available natural history collections. Contemporary sequence capture and short‐read sequencing methods offer opportunities to analyze highly‐fragmented DNA from formalin‐fixed specimens, so long as enough sufficient‐quality DNA is recovered. We compared two protocols developed to extract DNA from formalin‐fixed tissues using specimens of three freshwater fishes: Southern Brook Lamprey Ichthyomyzon gagei, Slimy Sculpin Cottus cognatus, and Brown Trout Salmo trutta. Extractions were attempted using hot alkali digestion with and without buffer wash pretreatments to compare the DNA concentration, purity, and fragment length of DNA recovered between extraction protocols, tissue types (muscle and caudal fin tissue for Brown Trout and Slimy Sculpin), and preservation periods (five or seven years for Southern Brook Lamprey). Likelihood models generally did not detect DNA quantity differences between extraction protocols or tissue types; however, 6.0‐8.7x more DNA was recovered from Slimy Sculpin caudal fins than muscle tissue. Extraction protocol had mixed effects on DNA purity; the wash protocol outperformed the no‐wash protocol for Slimy Sculpin and Brown Trout, but the reverse was true for the lamprey. Purer DNA was recovered from the caudal fins; however, fragment lengths were generally greater from muscle tissue for both ray‐finned species. Our results suggest that the best tissue for sampling may depend on the quality metric most important for a study's objectives, and that omitting time consuming tissue wash steps can yield DNA of quantity and quality comparable to more complex methods. The DNA extracted from most samples, regardless of species, using both protocols met quantity and quality thresholds likely to result in short‐read sequencing success. These results provide optimism for unlocking the wealth of genetic information in natural history collections for use in fisheries management and conservation genomics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unlocking the genomes of formalin‐fixed freshwater fish specimens: An assessment of factors influencing DNA extraction quantity and quality

Brino,

Schumann,

Rezac

et al. 2023

N American J Fish Manag

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“…50% of winning scenarios; data not shown). Ichthyomzyon castaneus has given rise to a nonparasitic satellite species (Lyons, Cochran, & Sneen, ), which is widely dispersed (Page & Burr, ), suggesting many populations may in fact adopt both strategies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the model, increasing juvenile growth rates by threefold to produce adults of 20-30 g in 1 year of parasitic feeding drastically increased parasitism prevalence (c. 50% of winning scenarios; data not shown). Ichthyomzyon castaneus has given rise to a nonparasitic satellite species (Lyons, Cochran, & Sneen, 1997), which is widely dispersed (Page & Burr, 2011), suggesting many populations may in fact adopt both strategies.…”

Section: Differences Between Models and Lamprey Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasitism offers large rewards but carries high risks: Predicting parasitic strategies under different life history conditions in lampreys

Evans

Limburg

2019

J of Evolutionary Biology

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The loss of parasitism in metazoan lineages is often seen as unlikely, but it has occurred in some lineages (e.g., leeches, lampreys). How and why parasitism is lost is aptly addressed by studying lampreys, because extant species include a range of feeding modes and parasitism has been lost repeatedly. An individual‐based model was developed to determine whether variations in survival and growth rates in the larval and juvenile stages could favour parasitic or nonparasitic strategies. A realization of the model for a Lampetra spp. population, a genus which includes parasitic and nonparasitic animals, indicated that both strategies could be successful. A different model realization of the nonparasitic species Lethenteron appendix also agreed with expectations, and only nonparasitic strategies were successful. Modelling anadromous Petromyzon marinus produced only parasitic animals, as expected, but suggested two different adult sizes should appear in the population, which has not been reported in the literature. Finally, a realization of an Ichthyomyzon castaneus population, known to be parasitic only, rarely selected for parasitism (c. 7% of model iterations), possibly because the population used to parameterize the model was unusual for the species. The results suggest that nonparasitic lineages in lampreys are common because parasitism, while offering better growth, also has lower survival. Additionally, nonparasitic species may be generated at different rates because growth and survival thresholds in the model favouring parasitism are close to observed estimates in some populations. Loss of parasitism can occur when life stages have different trade‐offs in growth and survivability.

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Alternative Reproductive Behaviors in Lampreys and Their Signifcance

Cochran¹,

Bloom

Wagner

2008

Journal of Freshwater Ecology

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A typical lamprey mating involves a female attaching to a stone near thc upstream end of the nest A male then attaches to the back of the female's head and wraps his body around hers. Both vibrate vigorously as gametes are released. In some cases, a second male, the satellite, circles about the urogenital area of a mating pair at the moment of gamete release in what has been interpreted as an attempt to gain fertilizations. Analysis of videotapes of' spawning Larnpetra appendix in the North Branch Whitewater River in Minnesota (Mississippi River drainage) and Jambo Creek in eastern Wisconsin (Great Lakes drainage) revealed that at both sites at least 50% of matings in nests with at least three lampreys included a satellite male. Nest associations involving more that onc lamprey species in the same nest are known to involve many combinations of species, but especially relevant are cases involving closely related parasitic and nonparasitic species. For example, we have observed nonparasitic Ichthyomyzon gugei and parasit~c Ichthyomyzon castarzeus spawning in the same nests and have observed a male I. xugei attached to a female I. castuneus. Conventional wisdom IS that the size difference between parasitic and nonparasitic lampreys prevents successful mating, but a combination of interspecific nest association and satellite male behavior could conceivably permit gene flow between paired nonparasitic and parasitic Corms. This combination is displayed by at least some Lampetra species. INTRODUCTIONEach small nonparasitic lamprey species is thought to have evolved from a larger parasitic ancestor. In those cases in which the parasitic lineages are still extant, the conventional view has been that the related parasitic and nonparasitic forms are reproductively isolated, and they are referred to as paired species. If more than one nonparasitic species has been derived from the same parasitic species, the former arc sometimes referred to as satellites of the latter. The conventional view, however, has not gone unchallenged. Evidence for gene flow between paired species has mounted (Schre~ber and Engelhorn 1998). and some recent studies have failed to find genetic differences between paired forms Withler 1986, Neave et al. 2007). Moreover, the nonparasitic American brook lamprey (Lnmpefm appendix) apparently retains within its genome the ability to produce a larger parasitic form (Cochran 2008). It is important to examine lamprey spawning behavior to reveal potential mechanisms for recombination of genetic information from parasitic and nonparasilic forms.Lamprey spawning behavior and ecology were summarized by Manion and

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Taxonomic Status and Distribution of the Lamprey Ichthyomyzon cf. gagei

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Unlocking the genomes of formalin‐fixed freshwater fish specimens: An assessment of factors influencing DNA extraction quantity and quality

Unlocking the genomes of formalin‐fixed freshwater fish specimens: An assessment of factors influencing DNA extraction quantity and quality

Parasitism offers large rewards but carries high risks: Predicting parasitic strategies under different life history conditions in lampreys

Alternative Reproductive Behaviors in Lampreys and Their Signifcance

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