Taxonomic revision of<i>Eurotium</i>and transfer of species to<i>Aspergillus</i>

Hubka, Vít; Kolařík, Miroslav; Kubátová, Alena; Peterson, Stephen W.

doi:10.3852/12-151

Cited by 97 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Eurotium species are xerophiles and are commercially important because many species are associated with spoilage, not only of food commodities but also of art and artefacts, paper, leather goods, textiles, timber, even lens of cameras, microscopes and binoculars. Eurotium is widely accepted among user groups, such that reintroduction of Aspergillus would cause widespread confusion, especially because many names would have to changed, as shown in Hubka et al (2013). FIG.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus, its sexual states and the new International Code of Nomenclature

Pitt

Taylor

2014

Mycologia

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The newly adopted International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN) demands that dimorphic fungi, in particular those with both sexual and asexual names, now bear a single name. Although priority is no longer associated with the mode of reproduction, the ICN requires justification for choosing an asexual name over an existing sexual one. The phylogenetic approach that made dual nomenclature for fungi obsolete can be used to help choose names for large groups of fungi that are best known by asexual names. Here we apply this approach to one of the largest and most diverse asexual genera, the genus Aspergillus. We find that existing sexual names may be given to well supported clades of fungi with distinct phenotypes, which include sexual morphology as well as physiological attributes associated with xerophily, thermophily and mycotoxin production. One group of species important to food production and food safety, Aspergillus subgen. Circumdati, lacks a well supported clade; here we propose that the name Aspergillus be retained for this group. Recognizing that nomenclature has economic and social implications, particularly for old, important genera, we discuss the consequences of various scenarios to implement the new ''one name for one fungus'' article in the ICN, showing that our approach requires the fewest appeals to the ICN while retaining the name Aspergillus for many of the most economically and socially important species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus, its sexual states and the new International Code of Nomenclature

Pitt

Taylor

2014

Mycologia

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“…In this review, we have decided to follow the decision of Samson et al (2014) to include species of Aspergillus in the monophyletic clade including A. glaucus (Hubka et al 2013) and nearly all species accepted by Raper and Fennell (1965). This has had the consequences that Penicillium inflatum had to be transferred to Aspergillus as Aspergillus inflatus, Aspergillus paradoxus, Aspergillus malodoratus and Aspergillus crystallinus had to be transferred to Penicillium as Penicillium paradoxum, Penicillium malodoratum and Penicillium crystallinum, Aspergillus zonatus and Aspergillus clavatoflavus had to be excluded from Aspergillus and finally that the species in the genera Dichotomomyces, Phialosimplex, Polypaecilum and Cristaspora had to be transferred to Aspergillus Houbraken et al 2012;Samson et al 2014).…”

Section: (Aspergillus Maritimus)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemodiversity in the genus Aspergillus

Frisvad

Larsen

2015

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

109

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Isolates of Aspergillus species are able to produce a large number of secondary metabolites. The profiles of biosynthetic families of secondary metabolites are species specific, whereas individual secondary metabolite families can occur in other species, even those phylogenetically and ecologically unrelated to Aspergillus. Furthermore, there is a high degree of chemo-consistency from isolate to isolate in a species even though certain metabolite gene clusters are silenced in some isolates. Genome sequencing projects have shown that the diversity of secondary metabolites is much larger in each species than previously thought. The potential of finding even further new bioactive drug candidates in Aspergillus is evident, despite the fact that many secondary metabolites have already been structure elucidated and chemotaxonomic studies have shown that many new secondary metabolites have yet to be characterized. The genus Aspergillus is cladistically holophyletic but phenotypically polythetic and very diverse and is associated to quite different sexual states. Following the one fungus one name system, the genus Aspergillus is restricted to a holophyletic clade that include the morphologically different genera Aspergillus, Dichotomomyces, Phialosimplex, Polypaecilum and Cristaspora. Secondary metabolites common between the subgenera and sections of Aspergillus are surprisingly few, but many metabolites are common to a majority of species within the sections. We call small molecule extrolites in the same biosynthetic family isoextrolites. However, it appears that secondary metabolites from one Aspergillus section have analogous metabolites in other sections (here also called heteroisoextrolites). In this review, we give a genus-wide overview of secondary metabolite production in Aspergillus species. Extrolites appear to have evolved because of ecological challenges rather than being inherited from ancestral species, at least when comparing the species in the different sections of Aspergillus. Within the Aspergillus sections, secondary metabolite pathways seem to inherit from ancestral species, but the profiles of these secondary metabolites are shaped by the biotic and abiotic environment. We hypothesize that many new and unique section-specific small molecule extrolites in each of the Aspergillus will be discovered.

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“…Then, gene sequences of the two presumed to be new sect. Aspergillus species were compared to reference datasets obtained from Peterson (2008), Hubka et al (2013) and Visagie et al (2014a). All datasets were aligned in MAFFT v. 7.221 (Katoh and Standley 2013) using the L-INS-i option for ITS and G-INS-i option for the other genes.…”

Section: Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of xerophilic Aspergillus from indoor environment, including descriptions of two new section Aspergillus species producing eurotium-like sexual states

Visagie¹,

Yılmaz²,

Renaud³

et al. 2017

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Xerophilic fungi grow at low water activity or low equilibrium relative humidity and are an important part of the indoor fungal community, of which Aspergillus is one of the dominant genera. A survey of xerophilic fungi isolated from Canadian and Hawaiian house dust resulted in the isolation of 1039 strains; 296 strains belong to Aspergillus and represented 37 species. Reference sequences were generated for all species and deposited in GenBank. Aspergillus sect. Aspergillus (formerly called Eurotium) was one of the most predominant groups from house dust with nine species identified. Additional cultures deposited as Eurotium were received from the Canadian Collection of Fungal Cultures and were also re-identified during this study. Among all strains, two species were found to be new and are introduced here as A. mallochii and A. megasporus. Phylogenetic comparisons with other species of section Aspergillus were made using sequences of ITS, β-tubulin, calmodulin and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit. Morphological observations were made from cultures grown under standardized conditions. Aspergillus mallochii does not grow at 37 °C and produces roughened ascospores with incomplete equatorial furrows. Aspergillus megasporus produces large conidia (up to 12 µm diam) and roughened ascospores with equatorial furrows. Cobus M. Visagie et al. / MycoKeys 19: 1-30 (2017) 2

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Taxonomic revision ofEurotiumand transfer of species toAspergillus

Cited by 97 publications

References 45 publications

Aspergillus, its sexual states and the new International Code of Nomenclature

Aspergillus, its sexual states and the new International Code of Nomenclature

Chemodiversity in the genus Aspergillus

A survey of xerophilic Aspergillus from indoor environment, including descriptions of two new section Aspergillus species producing eurotium-like sexual states

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