Taxonomic review of the plant bug genera Amapacylapus and Cylapus with descriptions of two new species and a key to the genera of Cylapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae)

Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The plant bug tribe Cylapini (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) is diagnosed and a worldwide key to the genera of the tribe is provided. The taxonomic review of the New World Cylapini genera Amapacylapus Carvalho &amp; Fontes,1968 and Cylapus Say, 1832 is provided, including a key to species, diagnoses and redescriptions of genera and most included species, and descriptions of two new species, Amapacylapus unicolor sp. nov. (Ecuador) and Cylapus luridus sp. nov. (Brazil). Illustrations of the male genitalia, color photographs of the adult and scanning electron micrographs of the selected species are provided. The genus Cylapocerus Carvalho &amp; Fontes, 1968 syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of Cylapus with all species currently placed in Cylapocerus transferred to Cylapus. The following new combinations are established: Cylapus amazonicus (Carvalho, 1989) comb. nov., Cylapus antennatus (Carvalho &amp; Fontes, 1968) comb. nov., and Cylapus tucuruiensis (Carvalho, 1989) comb. nov. Peltidocylapus labeculosus (Bergroth, 1922) is transferred to the genus Amapacylapus as Amapacylapus labeculosus (Bergroth, 1922) comb. nov. Male neotype is designated for Cylapus tenuicornis Say, 1832. The following new country records are provided: Amapacylapus amapariensis Carvalho &amp; Fontes, 1968 (Ecuador, Guyana); Cylapus amazonicus (Bolivia, Ecuador); Cylapus antennatus (Ecuador); Cylapus citus Bergroth, 1922 (Bolivia, Brazil, Guyana, Peru); Cylapus marginicollis (Distant, 1883) (Nicaragua, Panama); Cylapus ruficeps Bergroth, 1922 (Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador); Cylapus tenuicornis (USA); Cylapus tucuruiensis (Venezuela).</jats:p>

Revisiting the Taxonomy of Cylapocoris Carvalho, 1954 (Hemiptera: Miridae: Cylapinae) with Descriptions of Five New Species and Morphology-Based Phylogenetic Analysis of the Genus

“…Head structure Head orientation: hypognathous (e.g., Figure 2C in [ 6 ]; Figure 9a–d in [ 9 ]) (0); porrect (e.g., Figure 3 A–C and Figure 6 A–C) (2). Head shape: not flattened dorsoventrally (e.g., Figure 3 A–C and Figure 6 A–C) (0); moderately flattened dorsoventrally (1); strongly flattened dorsoventrally (e.g., Figure 9 in [ 26 ]) (2). Gula development: shorter than diameter of eye (0) (e.g., Figure 9 in [ 26 ], Figure 3i in [ 6 ]); as long as or longer than diameter of eye (e.g., Figure 3 B,C and Figure 6 B,C) (1).…”

“… Head shape: not flattened dorsoventrally (e.g., Figure 3 A–C and Figure 6 A–C) (0); moderately flattened dorsoventrally (1); strongly flattened dorsoventrally (e.g., Figure 9 in [ 26 ]) (2). Gula development: shorter than diameter of eye (0) (e.g., Figure 9 in [ 26 ], Figure 3i in [ 6 ]); as long as or longer than diameter of eye (e.g., Figure 3 B,C and Figure 6 B,C) (1). Buccula shape: rounded (e.g., Figures 5C and 8C in [ 4 ]; Figure 9a–d in [ 9 ]) (0); elongated (e.g., Figures 3B,C and 9a–f in [ 9 ]) (1).…”

“… Width/height ratio of head, anterior view: about twice higher than wide (e.g., Figure 8d in [ 9 ]) (0); as high as wide or slightly wider than high (e.g., Figure 8i in [ 9 ]) (1); about twice wider than high (e.g., Figure 3 F) (2). Position of frons in relation to vertex: located at right or acute angle to vertex (e.g., Figure 9 in [ 26 ]) (0); sloping (e.g., Figure 9d in [ 9 ]) (1); forming obtuse angle with vertex (e.g., Figure 3 B,C,G) (2). Posterior suture of mandibular plate presence and development: absent (e.g., Figure 3 G,H and Figure 6 G; Figure 9e in [ 9 ]) (0); shallow, weakly developed (e.g., Figure 9d in [ 9 ]) (1); deep, strongly developed (e.g., Figure 9 in [ 26 ]) (2).…”

“… Position of frons in relation to vertex: located at right or acute angle to vertex (e.g., Figure 9 in [ 26 ]) (0); sloping (e.g., Figure 9d in [ 9 ]) (1); forming obtuse angle with vertex (e.g., Figure 3 B,C,G) (2). Posterior suture of mandibular plate presence and development: absent (e.g., Figure 3 G,H and Figure 6 G; Figure 9e in [ 9 ]) (0); shallow, weakly developed (e.g., Figure 9d in [ 9 ]) (1); deep, strongly developed (e.g., Figure 9 in [ 26 ]) (2). Eye position in lateral view: ventral margin of eye reaching ventral margin of head (e.g., Figure 3 F and Figure 6 G; Figure 9e in [ 9 ]) (0); ventral margin of eye slightly removed from ventral margin of head (Figure 9d in [ 9 ]) (1); ventral margin of eye strongly removed from ventral margin of head (e.g., Figures 9 and 123 in [ 26 ]) (2).…”

“…Since then, four additional species have been added by Carvalho and Gomes [ 21 ] and Carvalho [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]. Wolski [ 25 , 26 ] increased the total number of known species to sixteen. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of Cylapocoris by providing descriptions of five new and redescriptions of six known species.…”