Taxonomic position and affinities ofIsopyrum mandshuricumwithin Korean isopyroideae (Ranunculaceae) based on molecular data

Abstract

To examine the taxonomic position and affinities of Isopyrum mandshuricum (Ranunculaceae) and related taxa, genetic analysis were carried out on the basis of isozyme patterns and ITS sequences. Molecular data, both isozyme patterns and ITS sequences suggest that I. mandshuricum is closely related to Enemion raddeanum than to Semiaquilegia adoxoides. The estimation of genetic identities by isozyme analysis reveals that I. manshuricum is genetically distant from E. raddeanum. The phylogenetic tree based on molecular data is rather congruent with the phenogram based on quantitative morphological characteristics, but not consistent with one based on qualitative morphological characteristics. Incongruencies between molecular and qualitative morphological data provide clues to re-evaluate several morphological features. Isopyrum mandshuricum Kom. (= Semiaquilegia mandshurica Kom.) was described as a new species by Komarov in 1926 (Hill, 1933) and was placed in the tribe Helleboreae (Isopyreae) (Bentham and Hooker, 1873; Buchheim, 1964) or subfamily Isopyroideae {Satake et al., 1983) of Ranunculaceae. On the basis of morphological characteristics of the petal, petal spur, staminode, carpel and fruit, A mandshuricum has been variously treated as a member of Semiaquilegia or as Isopyrum within Isopyroideae. Four taxa, including /. mandshuricum, Semiaquilegia adoxoides (DC.) Makino, Aquilegia buergeriana var. oxysepala (Trautv. et Meyer) Kitamura, and Enemion raddeanum Regel, were examined to discuss the taxonomic dispositions of Korean Isopyroideae by Lee and Yeau (1998). In their study, cluster analysis based on quantitative morphological characters resulted in two groups, one containing A mandshuricum and Enemion raddeanum Regel, and a second containing Semiaquilegia adoxoides and Aquilegia buergeriana var. oxysepala. The phenetic analysis (Lee and Yeau, 1998) clustered /. mandshuricum and E. raddeanum together, even though they are different in petal characteristics, an important feature to delimit genera in the family. Isopyrum mandshuricum and E. raddeanum are distinct from each other in perianth, trichome type of leaves, and inflorescence: E. raddeanum has no petal, multicellular trichomes, and umbelliform cyme, while /. mandshuricum has a petal,

Generic level phylogeny of Thalictroideae (Ranunculaceae) — implications for the taxonomic status of Paropyrum and petal evolution

“…Thus, two carpels seem to unite the three genera while the 3-6 carpels in Enemion might have been a secondary increase. Enemion was traditionally considered the most primitive genus in this subfamily because of the absence of petals (e.g., Tamura, 1962Tamura, , 1965Tamura, , 1968Tamura, , 1995Tamura & Lauener, 1968b;Fu, 1990), but our analyses strongly suggest that Enemion is closely related to Isopyrum, in agreement with the results of isozyme and ITS data (Lee & al., 1998). This was also supported by gross morphology, flower and follicle structures and biochemical characters (Hsiao & Wang, 1964).…”