Abstract:A few consolidated sources of descriptions and illustrations of plant and soil forms, in particular, are available and should be used along with the taxonomic keys. At best, keys are only attempted short cuts to" the recognition of certain specimens. In all cases check the decisions by referral to descriptions and illustrations of the nematodes. There are some excellent volumes available to workers who do not have access to the necessarily large reprint files of the taxonomist. The
“…Identification of different subpopulations of MiP has been reported by others [ll]. Hence, Hopper and Cahill [6] showed that the bactericidal and tumoricidal functions of MiP can be dissociated from production of PGEz and IL1 and that these functions are related to different subsets of cells, separable by velocity sedimentation. Using the BSA gradient method, other investigators have found two major subpopulations of peritoneal MQ.…”
The antagonistic effects of macrophage (M phi)-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on thymocyte proliferation were uncoupled and studied. Elimination of PGE2 from the culture medium of prostaglandin E2-stimulated M phi was achieved by dialysis of the media or by indomethacin treatment of the M phi. IL1 secretion appears to be PGE2 independent. Experiments using exogenous PGE2 revealed a quantitative relationship between the two monokines. PGE2 (1.25 ng/ml) reduced the proliferative effect of IL 1 produced by 1.5 X 10(5) peritoneal M phi to 50%. This PGE2 dose increased significantly the levels of intracellular cAMP. Separation of peritoneal exudate M phi on a bovine serum albumin discontinuous gradient demonstrated that the main part of PGE2 synthesis was in a fraction of lower density, large M phi, whereas IL 1 activity was detected in all tested fractions.
“…Identification of different subpopulations of MiP has been reported by others [ll]. Hence, Hopper and Cahill [6] showed that the bactericidal and tumoricidal functions of MiP can be dissociated from production of PGEz and IL1 and that these functions are related to different subsets of cells, separable by velocity sedimentation. Using the BSA gradient method, other investigators have found two major subpopulations of peritoneal MQ.…”
The antagonistic effects of macrophage (M phi)-derived interleukin 1 (IL 1) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on thymocyte proliferation were uncoupled and studied. Elimination of PGE2 from the culture medium of prostaglandin E2-stimulated M phi was achieved by dialysis of the media or by indomethacin treatment of the M phi. IL1 secretion appears to be PGE2 independent. Experiments using exogenous PGE2 revealed a quantitative relationship between the two monokines. PGE2 (1.25 ng/ml) reduced the proliferative effect of IL 1 produced by 1.5 X 10(5) peritoneal M phi to 50%. This PGE2 dose increased significantly the levels of intracellular cAMP. Separation of peritoneal exudate M phi on a bovine serum albumin discontinuous gradient demonstrated that the main part of PGE2 synthesis was in a fraction of lower density, large M phi, whereas IL 1 activity was detected in all tested fractions.
“…Also, Thorne (1939) added two other genera to this subfamily, namely Oionchus Cobb, 1913 and Enoplocheilus Kreis, 1932. Leaving aside S. rotundicauda Goodey, 1951, no other new Sectonema species was described during the two next decades, 40s and 50s, and the taxonomical status of the genus did not suffer any significant change in the subsequent classification systems proposed for nygolaims (Baker, 1962;Clark, 1961;Goodey, 1951Goodey, , 1963Hopper & Cairns, 1959;Jairajpuri, 1964;Meyl, 1961).…”
This contribution provides new insights in the phylogeny and taxonomy of the nematode genus Sectonema with an integrative approach. A brief historical outline of the matter is presented. Then, the morphological pattern of the genus is revised and illustrated, the nature of its stomatal protruding structure, either a reduced odontostyle or a mural tooth, being its most relevant diagnostic feature. The existence of cilia‐ or seta‐like structures in the perioral area and/or at the anterior part of cheilostom of some species is evidenced by SEM observations for the first time. Available molecular data (D2–D3 LSU‐rRNA gene) are analysed, including two new sequences of S. septentrionale from Spain. The monophyly of the genus is confirmed, and two species groups with geographical projection are tentatively identified. A close relationship with Metaporcelaimus is also demonstrated as both taxa constitute a highly supported clade. A likely polyphyly of the family Aporcelaimidae is once more demonstrated. Finally, an updated taxonomy of the genus is proposed, including revised diagnosis, list of species, identification key and a compendium of their main morphometrics.
“…The cell-free system we have developed functions with high fidelity as far as can be judged from the examination of the products synthesized under the direction of phage T, DNA: not only can many early gene products such as RNA polymerase (gene 1; Mr 100 000) a DNA ligase (gene 1.3; Mr 40 000) and the gene 0.3 product (M, 8700) be identified on the basis of their mobility in SDS-acrylamide gels (Plate 1; [ 131, but bands corresponding to many late products are also present. In this respect, the system compares well with the in vivo situation and with in vitro systems as described previously by Hopper et al [18]. It is interesting to note, however, that whereas other authors [ 19,201 have reported significant synthesis in vitro of the late gene product, lysozyme, the present system like that of Q'Farrell and Gold [lo], gives neither material banding in SDS-acrylamide gels at a position expected for lysozyme, nor a significant amount of enzymically-active protein (data not shown).…”
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