“…Indeed, Southern Europe, Turkey, the southern parts of the Caucasus and Alborz act as multiple glacial refugia due to topographical heterogeneity and low latitude (Ahmadzadeh, Flecks, et al, ; Asadi et al, ; Rossiter, Benda, Dietz, Zhang, & Jones, ). In Iran, some species experienced range contractions to glacial refugia located, for example, in the Zagros, Alborz, and Kope Dagh Mountains, which were followed by postglacial expansion for Brandt's Persian lizard, Iranolacerta brandtii (Ahmadzadeh, Carretero, et al, ), oriental green lizards of the Lacerta trilineata (Ahmadzadeh, Flecks, et al, ), two sympatric moth species, Gnopharmia colchidari and G. kasrunensis (Rajaei Sh et al, ), Persian jird, Meriones persicus (Dianat, Darvish, Cornette, Aliabadian, & Nicolas, ), greater horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus ferrumequinum (Shahabi, Akmali, & Sharifi, ), Asian pit viper, Gloydius halys caucasicus (Asadi et al, ), and Eastern rock nuthatch, Sitta tephronota , (Yousefi, Shabani, & Azarnivand, ). Some species did not change range such as Greek tortoise, Testudo graeca (Javanbakht et al, ), and Caspian turtles, Mauremys caspica , M. rivulata (Vamberger et al, ).…”