Taxonomic descriptions of three marine colepid ciliates, Nolandia sinica spec. nov., Apocoleps caoi spec. nov. and Tiarina fusa (Claparède &amp; Lachmann, 1858) Bergh, 1881 (Ciliophora, Prorodontida)

Chen, Xiangrui; Gao, Shan; Liu, Weiwei; Song, Weibo; Al-Rasheid, Khaled A. S.; Warren, Alan

doi:10.1099/ijs.0.026302-0

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Compared with T. fusus, the newly isolated ciliate has a larger length-to-width ratio (1.5 times more), lacks armor spines and possesses long somatic cilia arranged in 18 or more ciliary rows (T. fusus has 15-17 longitudinal rows; Supplementary Table S7). As shown by brightfield (on more than 50 cells) and confocal (on 10 cells) microscopy images (Figures 1d and e and Supplementary Figure S2), another distinct morphological character of the isolated ciliate is the presence of 10 to 25 intracellular microalgal cells that has never been reported in T. fusus (Foissner et al, 2008;Lynn, 2008;Chen et al, 2012). Kahl (1930) observed 'ingested dinoflagellates' ('Nahrung kleine Peredineen') in the arctic species T. meunieri but this old and succinct description has not been confirmed in the literature.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From 20 cells, various morphological characters were observed with scanning electron microscopy, notably an armored skeleton composed of calcium carbonate plates (Figures 1a and b), indicating that the ciliate belongs to the family Colepidae Ehrenberg, 1838 (class Prostomatea, order Prorodontida; Lynn, 2008;Chen et al, 2012). A morphological comparison with six previously described ciliate species from the family Colepidae (Coleps hirtus, Nolandia nolandi, Apocoleps magnus, Levicoleps biwae, Tiarina meunieri and Tiarina fusus) indicated that T. fusus is the species that most closely resembles the ciliate isolated in this study (Supplementary Table S7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A morphological comparison with six previously described ciliate species from the family Colepidae (Coleps hirtus, Nolandia nolandi, Apocoleps magnus, Levicoleps biwae, Tiarina meunieri and Tiarina fusus) indicated that T. fusus is the species that most closely resembles the ciliate isolated in this study (Supplementary Table S7). Both taxa live in marine waters and display a fusiform and elongated body with large longitudinal rows of calcium carbonate plates arranged in six different regions (called 'tiers'), as well as a wing-like structure that is absent in other Colepidae species (Figures 1a and b; Chen et al, 2012). These morphological commonalities, which are typically used for genus recognition within the Colepidae (Foissner et al, 2008), lead us to argue that the newly isolated ciliate belongs to the genus Tiarina, Berg 1881.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to T. fusus, the genus Tiarina is composed of several species including T. meunieri, T. borealis, T. antarctica and T. levigata, but these have very old, incomplete morphological descriptions without reference microscopy images or molecular data. Only T. fusus (Chen et al, 2012) and T. meunieri (previously named Stapperisa fusus, observed in the Arctic and the North Sea; Meunier, 1910;Kahl, 1930) are taxonomically recognized species. Compared with T. fusus, the newly isolated ciliate has a larger length-to-width ratio (1.5 times more), lacks armor spines and possesses long somatic cilia arranged in 18 or more ciliary rows (T. fusus has 15-17 longitudinal rows; Supplementary Table S7).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…are distinct. To date, T. fusus has been reported essentially from coastal and productive marine waters, such as European fjords (Smetacek, 1981;Dale and Dahl, 1987;Lynn, 2008;Chen et al, 2012), where it can dominate ciliate abundance and/or biomass (maximum density reported: 34 000 cells m À l ). T. fusus is particularly known for its significant grazing activity on a variety of toxic and/or red-tide microalgae (Jeong et al, 2002).…”

Section: Phylogenetic Identification Of the Microalgal Symbiontmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The symbiotic life ofSymbiodiniumin the open ocean within a new species of calcifying ciliate (Tiarinasp.)

et al. 2015

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Symbiotic partnerships between heterotrophic hosts and intracellular microalgae are common in tropical and subtropical oligotrophic waters of benthic and pelagic marine habitats. The iconic example is the photosynthetic dinoflagellate genus Symbiodinium that establishes mutualistic symbioses with a wide diversity of benthic hosts, sustaining highly biodiverse reef ecosystems worldwide. Paradoxically, although various species of photosynthetic dinoflagellates are prevalent eukaryotic symbionts in pelagic waters, Symbiodinium has not yet been reported in symbiosis within oceanic plankton, despite its high propensity for the symbiotic lifestyle. Here we report a new pelagic photosymbiosis between a calcifying ciliate host and the microalga Symbiodinium in surface ocean waters. Confocal and scanning electron microscopy, together with an 18S rDNA-based phylogeny, showed that the host is a new ciliate species closely related to Tiarina fusus (Colepidae). Phylogenetic analyses of the endosymbionts based on the 28S rDNA gene revealed multiple novel closely related Symbiodinium clade A genotypes. A haplotype network using the high-resolution internal transcribed spacer-2 marker showed that these genotypes form eight divergent, biogeographically structured, subclade types that do not seem to associate with any benthic hosts. Ecological analyses using the Tara Oceans metabarcoding data set (V9 region of the 18S rDNA) and contextual oceanographic parameters showed a global distribution of the symbiotic partnership in nutrient-poor surface waters. The discovery of the symbiotic life of Symbiodinium in the open ocean provides new insights into the ecology and evolution of this pivotal microalga and raises new hypotheses about coastal pelagic connectivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%