Taxonomic Application of Isozyme Patterns Produced with Disc Electrophoresis of Some Myxomycetes, Order Physarales

Franke, Robert G.

doi:10.2307/3757938

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…No radioactive undecyl acetate was detected by thin-layer radiochromatography when a hexane extract of the reaction mixture was chromatographed alone or with added nonradioactive undecyl acetate as carrier. DISCUSSION Citing only a few of numerous reports, multiple forms of esterases have been found in animals (2,24,25,27,31,44), plants (11,32), fungi (17,30,39), and bacteria (3,5,10,18,22,26,29). Throughout the course of the purification reported here, two esterase bands were always present.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Purification and Properties of Undecyl Acetate Esterase from Pseudomonas cepacia Grown on 2-Tridecanone

Shum

Markovetz

1974

J Bacteriol

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Undecyl acetate esterase has been purified from Pseudomonas cepacia grown on the methyl ketone, 2-tridecanone. The Km for undecyl acetate was 2.3 x 10-2 M. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that two esterase bands were being recovered during purification. These bands were separated by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weights were estimated to be approximately 34,500 by several methods. Molecular sieve polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the two esterases had the same molecular weight but different charge, which is indicative of isoenzymes.The natural origin and distribution of methyl ketones has recently been reviewed (15). Lack of extensive accumulation of these compounds indicates that an efficient recycling process is operative. The first report on the isolation and characterization of an intermediate from the catabolism of any methyl ketone, other than acetone, was the formation of 1-undecanol from 2-tridecanone by a pseudomonad (16), later identified as Pseudomonas multivorans (12). Formation of 1-undecanol in large quantities indicated that a mechanism other than methyl group oxidation was occurring whereby the C13 ketone was split to a C,1 alcohol. Subsequently, an intermediate, undecyl acetate, was isolated that would account for this result (12). This acetate ester was cleaved to form 1-undecanol plus acetate. These reactions were also carried out by P. aeruginosa, and this organism was used for preliminary cell-free enzymatic studies with [3-"4C ]2-tridecanone (13). Unfractionated extracts, in the presence of oxygen and reduced pyridine nucleotide, formed labeled undecyl acetate. Hydrolysis of the recovered ester yielded radioactive 1-undecanol. When undecyl [2-"C ]acetate was employed, labeled acetate was detected. Based on the evidence provided by metabolic products isolated and identified from studies using whole cells and cell-free extracts, it was proposed that the biodegradation of the long-chain methyl ketone, 2-tridecanone, by pseudomonads proceeds through an ester intermediate, undecyl acetate, that is hydrolyzed to 1-undecanol and acetate. Although both oxygenase and esterase activities responsible for the catabolism of 2-tridecanone have been demonstrated in unfractionated ex-tracts from cells grown on the methyl ketone, these enzymes have not been purified. This study was undertaken in an attempt to purify undecyl acetate esterase and to investigate its properties. MATERIALS AND METHODSOrganism and cultural methods. P. multivorans strain 4G9, isolated by Forney, Markovetz, and Kallio (16) and characterized by Forney and Markovetz (12) was used. This organism has now been designated as P. cepacia according to the report that the new species, P. multiuorans, proposed by Stanier, Palleroni, and Doudoroff (37), is so similar to P. cepacia that the former name should be regarded as a synonym (4). Media and cultural methods were described previously (12). Cells used for enzyme purification were cultured in a Micro-Ferm fermentor (New Brunswick Scie...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 50%

Purification and Properties of Undecyl Acetate Esterase from Pseudomonas cepacia Grown on 2-Tridecanone

Shum

Markovetz

1974

J Bacteriol

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“…The profiles generated from the limited analyses carried out in these isozyme-based studies supported the traditional morphological classification used for myxomycetes by revealing significant variation between the species that were examined. However, intraspecific variation was also observed for the species represented by multiple isolates in these early studies (Franke and Berry 1972;Franke 1973). It was recognized that before isozyme techniques could be used to address taxonomic questions, the range of isozyme variation within a morphological species would have to be understood, and an analysis of 45 isolates of Fuligo septica produced distinctive variation within that species (Franke et al 1968;Berry and Franke 1973).…”

Section: Beyond Morphologymentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The earliest efforts to apply non-morphological approaches to the study of myxomycetes involved the use of isozymes to assess the variation within a single species and to examine taxonomic relationships between closely related species (Franke 1967;Franke et al 1968;Franke and Berry 1972;Betterley and Collins 1983). This approach makes use of the variation that exists for certain enzymes in living systems.…”

Section: Beyond Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

From morphological to molecular: studies of myxomycetes since the publication of the Martin and Alexopoulos (1969) monograph

Stephenson

2011

Fungal Diversity

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Myxomycetes (plasmodial slime molds or myxogastrids) are a group of eukaryotic microorganisms usually present and sometimes abundant in terrestrial ecosystems. Because they produce aerial spore-bearing structures that resemble those of certain fungi and also typically occur in some of the same types of ecological situations as fungi, myxomycetes have been traditionally studied by mycologists, and this continued to be the case for the greater part of the twentieth century. However, there is now abundant molecular data to confirm that they are amoebozoans and not fungi. Efforts are currently underway to develop the first molecular phylogeny for myxomycetes, and several recent studies have used molecular techniques to detect the presence of these organisms in nature by means of direct environmental sampling.

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“…Enzymes tested in this study were those currently used in fungal taxonomy and genetics (Ann6 and Peberdy, 1981;Franke and Berry, 1972;Reddy and Stahmann, 1972;Zhu et al. 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variability of isozymes in Penicillium nodositatum Valla, a fungus inducing ?myconodules? on the root-system of Alnus sp.

et al. 1991

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A comparison of mycelial extracts of 17 isolates of Penicillium nodositatum collected from the root system of grey alder (Alnus incana (L.) Moench.) and Italian alder (A. cordata Desf.) grown at different sites was made using isoenzyme analysis of esterases, acid phosphatase, malate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucose isomerase. Jaccard similarity coefficient analysis demonstrated that interspecific variability existed both among and within sites. In most cases, the enzyme patterns of isolates were distinct. Comparison of these isolates and three other Penicillium species closely related to P. nodositatum showed no similarity for the enzymes tested.

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Taxonomic Application of Isozyme Patterns Produced with Disc Electrophoresis of Some Myxomycetes, Order Physarales

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Purification and Properties of Undecyl Acetate Esterase from Pseudomonas cepacia Grown on 2-Tridecanone

Purification and Properties of Undecyl Acetate Esterase from Pseudomonas cepacia Grown on 2-Tridecanone

From morphological to molecular: studies of myxomycetes since the publication of the Martin and Alexopoulos (1969) monograph

Intraspecific variability of isozymes in Penicillium nodositatum Valla, a fungus inducing ?myconodules? on the root-system of Alnus sp.

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