Taxonomic and pathogenic characteristics of a new species Aphanomyces trifolii causing root rot of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in Western Australia

O'Rourke, Tiernan A.; Ryan, Megan H.; Li, Hua; Ma, Xuanli; Sivasithamparam, Krishnapillai; Fatehi, Jamshid; Barbetti, Martin J.

doi:10.1071/cp10040

Cited by 17 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This Oomycete pathogen was recovered from diseased subterranean clover roots in Western Australia, and was subsequently found to be cause root rot on a wide range of plant species (O' Rourke et al 2010). As A. trifolii has not been reported in New Zealand, the detection of this significant pathogen in this study has important implications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…If the presence of the pathogen is validated, it will remain to be determined if it has recently invaded New Zealand or has been established for some time or is indigenous. The potential host-range of the pathogen is unknown, however, testing to date (O 'Rourke et al 2010) indicates strong pathogenicity to the forage legumes T. subterraneum, Medicago polymorpha, and Medicago truncatula. The pathogenicity of A. trifolii to forage legumes of importance to New Zealand, particularly T. repens, T. pratense, and M. sativa requires determination.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogenic fungi Didymella pinodes, Rhizoctonia solani AG8, and the Oomycete Phytophthora clandestina (Fig 2a), were not detected in the dairy pasture soils. Aphanomyces trifolii, a relatively recently Values in bold-type are significant at P < 0.05 described multi-host root-rot pathogen (O' Rourke et al 2010), was detected in 7 of the 10 soils (Fig 2a). For each of the pathogens, regressions were made between abundance (DNA quantification) and clover growth reduction across the soils.…”

Section: Soil Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost of root disease on white clover growth in New Zealand dairy pastures

Wakelin

Eslami

Dake³

et al. 2016

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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The cost to clover growth of soil-borne root disease was measured in ten New Zealand dairy pasture soils. The average increase clover growth (weight) after soil pasteurisation was 28.5 %, but ranged from a 64 % increase (Whataroa soil) to a decrease of 11.9 % (Ruakura soil). The economic cost of reduced clover growth was determined using the Farmax Dairy Pro decision support system. In Southland and Canterbury, clover root disease was estimated to cost $750 and $715 ha −1 year −1 respectively, and in the Waikato region $1506 ha −1 year −1 . DNA-based testing of the soils detected the presence of diverse fungal, oomycete and nematode pathogen populations. A significant linear relationship was found between reduction in clover growth and group F Pythium spp. (P = 0.0177). The DNA-based assay indicated that Aphanomyces trifolii, a root pathogen of subterranean clover, may be present in the dairy-pasture soils. As this pathogen is currently not recognised as present in New Zealand, a definitive determination of its presence is required. Based on the high economic costs of diseases, the control of soil-borne root pathogens in New Zealand pasture is a direct means to increase profitability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Soil Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost of root disease on white clover growth in New Zealand dairy pastures

Wakelin

Eslami

Dake³

et al. 2016

Australasian Plant Pathol.

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“…However, in contrast, other studies suggest that, generally, P. clandestina and another oomycete common across southern Australia, A. trifolii , are favoured by high moisture conditions (e.g. Wong et al ., ,c; O'Rourke et al ., ). Wong et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Severity of phytophthora root rot and pre‐emergence damping‐off in subterranean clover influenced by moisture, temperature, nutrition, soil type, cultivar and their interactions

You

Barbetti

2017

Plant Pathology

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Studies were carried out in controlled environment rooms reflecting field situations. In the presence of the devastating soilborne pathogen Phytophthora clandestina, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) seedling emergence was significantly affected by moisture, soil type, temperature and cultivar. The level of rotting of tap and lateral roots was significantly affected by nutrition, soil type, temperature and cultivar. There were significant interactions involving temperature, moisture, soil type and cultivar; cultivar resistance, high moisture, high or medium temperature, high nutrition and sand soil all contributed towards less pre‐emergence damping‐off and tap and lateral root disease and to greater clover productivity. Host resistance of subterranean clover cultivars was critical for reducing disease severity and increasing productivity, even when favourable environmental conditions for severe disease occurred. In the presence of P. clandestina, the most resistant cultivar, Seaton Park, performed best under a high temperature, high nutrition and high moisture combination, but showed lower productivity under conditions of low nutrition or lower temperature, even when moisture level was high. In contrast, less resistant cultivars Riverina and Meteora had less disease and greater productivity under low moisture conditions. Findings reflect field observations that pre‐emergence damping‐off and root disease from P. clandestina in subterranean clover is particularly severe under colder conditions and in nutritionally impoverished sandy soils, and demonstrate how variations in soil type, nutrition, moisture, temperature and cultivar have profound effects on the expression and severity of phytophthora pre‐emergence damping‐off and root disease and the productivity of subterranean clover forages.

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“…was not confirmed as a new species, A. trifolii , until 2010 by O'Rourke et al . (). In the interim, when Ma et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical factors driving aphanomyces damping‐off and root disease in clover revealed and explained using linear and generalized linear models and boosted regression trees

et al. 2018

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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) is an important forage legume in Mediterranean regions worldwide. Aphanomyces damping‐off and root disease (Aphanomyces trifolii) poses significant threat to its persistence and productivity. Studies were conducted to define how environmental explanatory variables (temperature, soil type, moisture, nutrition) and variety influence disease severity and consequent forage productivity and persistence. Relationships were modelled using linear and generalized linear models and boosted regression trees. Linear modelling highlighted complex relationships between environmental variables and each dependent variable (emergence, tap and lateral root disease, dry shoot and root weight). All environmental variables produced significant interaction and/or main effects within each dependent variable. Boosted regression trees supported the complex nature of relationships in linear models, with temperature and either soil or variety most, and nutrition least, influential. Heat maps showed more disease for low temperatures. Least tap root disease was under high temperatures, while least lateral root disease was under medium or high temperatures, low moisture, and in sand‐based soil. These are the first studies using modelling approaches to reveal the complexities of how fluctuating soil temperature, moisture and nutrition conditions, and soil type and variety, determine aphanomyces damping‐off and root disease severity and resultant adverse impacts on forage legume productivity and persistence. Outcomes are widely applicable across soilborne oomycete pathogens of forage legumes. Studies highlighted how warming temperatures and drying climate associated with climate change should reduce future impact and importance of this and other soilborne oomycete diseases of forage legumes favoured by cold temperatures and wet and waterlogged conditions.

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Taxonomic and pathogenic characteristics of a new species Aphanomyces trifolii causing root rot of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) in Western Australia

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Cost of root disease on white clover growth in New Zealand dairy pastures

Cost of root disease on white clover growth in New Zealand dairy pastures

Severity of phytophthora root rot and pre‐emergence damping‐off in subterranean clover influenced by moisture, temperature, nutrition, soil type, cultivar and their interactions

Critical factors driving aphanomyces damping‐off and root disease in clover revealed and explained using linear and generalized linear models and boosted regression trees

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