Taxon-specific fungal primers reveal unexpectedly high diversity during leaf decomposition in a stream

Nikolcheva, Liliya G.; Bärlocher, Feli×

doi:10.1007/s11557-006-0075-y

Cited by 150 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The fungal community on plant litter decomposing in aquatic ecosystems is largely dominated by aquatic hyphomycetes (72), but other fungal groups like Ascomycota (8,19), Oomycota, Zygomycota (3), and Chytridiomycota have also been reported [43]). Using taxon-specific primers, Nikolcheva and Bärlocher (43) demonstrated the presence of these major fungal taxa and found ascomycetes to be the main group of fungi colonizing decaying leaves in streams.…”

Section: Vol 73 2007 Microbial Diversity On Leaf Litter As Determinmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity of Fungi, Bacteria, and Actinomycetes on Leaves Decomposing in a Stream

Das

Royer

Leff

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

187

137

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Although fungi, bacteria, and specific bacterial taxa, such as the actinomycetes, have been studied extensively in various habitats, few studies have examined them simultaneously, especially on decomposing leaves in streams. In this study, sugar maple and white oak leaves were incubated in a stream in northeastern Ohio for 181 days during which samples were collected at regular intervals. Following DNA extraction, PCRdenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) was performed using fungus-, bacterium-, and actinomycetespecific primers. In addition, fungal and bacterial biomass was estimated. Fungal biomass differed on different days but not between leaves of the two species and was always greater than bacterial biomass. There were significant differences in bacterial biomass through time and between leaf types on some days. Generally, on the basis of DGGE, few differences in community structure were found for different leaf types. However, the ribotype richness of fungi was significantly greater than those of the bacteria and actinomycetes, which were similar to each other. Ribotype richness decreased toward the end of the study for each group except bacteria. Lack of differences between the two leaf types suggests that the microorganisms colonizing the leaf biofilm were primarily generalists that could exploit the resources of the leaves of either species equally well. Thus, we conclude that factors, such as the ecological role of the taxa (generalists versus specialists), stage of decay, and time of exposure, appeared to be more important determinants of microbial community structure than leaf quality.

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Section: Vol 73 2007 Microbial Diversity On Leaf Litter As Determinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, in leaf decomposition studies, molecular methods have been employed to look at microbial diversity to circumvent inadequacies of culture-based methods (5,43). Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) has been used extensively for examination of complex microbial community assemblages (6,20,30,46,52).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity of Fungi, Bacteria, and Actinomycetes on Leaves Decomposing in a Stream

Das

Royer

Leff

2007

Appl Environ Microbiol

187

137

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“…Both allochthonous leaf litter and submerged wood in streams harbor diverse communities of fungi, mainly ascomycetes and their anamorphs (hyphomycetes) (see, e.g., references 4, 39, and 51) though chytrids, zygomycetes, and basidiomycetes have also been detected by using molecular techniques (35). Communities can be species rich.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Fungal Activities on Wood and Leaf Litter in Unaltered and Nutrient-Enriched Headwater Streams

Gulis

Suberkropp

Rosemond

2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Fungi are the dominant organisms decomposing leaf litter in streams and mediating energy transfer to other trophic levels. However, less is known about their role in decomposing submerged wood. This study provides the first estimates of fungal production on wood and compares the importance of fungi in the decomposition of submerged wood versus that of leaves at the ecosystem scale. We determined fungal biomass (ergosterol) and activity associated with randomly collected small wood (<40 mm diameter) and leaves in two southern Appalachian streams (reference and nutrient enriched) over an annual cycle. Fungal production (from rates of radiolabeled acetate incorporation into ergosterol) and microbial respiration on wood (per gram of detrital C) were about an order of magnitude lower than those on leaves. Microbial activity (per gram of C) was significantly higher in the nutrient-enriched stream. Despite a standing crop of wood two to three times higher than that of leaves in both streams, fungal production on an areal basis was lower on wood than on leaves (4.3 and 15.8 g C m ؊2 year ؊1 in the reference stream; 5.5 and 33.1 g C m ؊2 year ؊1 in the enriched stream). However, since the annual input of wood was five times lower than that of leaves, the proportion of organic matter input directly assimilated by fungi was comparable for these substrates ( Terrestrial detritus in the form of leaves and wood is an important carbon and energy source for microorganisms and food webs in freshwaters. Detritus-associated microorganisms also control important processes in aquatic ecosystems, including the uptake and sequestration of dissolved inorganic nutrients (33, 37). Fungi, rather than bacteria, dominate the microbial biomass on coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM), such as leaves and wood in streams, and fungal production on submerged leaves is also greater than that of bacteria (10,14,23,28,56). A recent study suggests that fungal ribotype richness levels (as determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) may be higher than those of bacteria and actinomycetes on submerged leaves (10). Thus, fungi are likely the most important biological driver of processes such as CPOM carbon dynamics and detritus-associated nutrient uptake in headwater streams.Both allochthonous leaf litter and submerged wood in streams harbor diverse communities of fungi, mainly ascomycetes and their anamorphs (hyphomycetes) (see, e.g., references 4, 39, and 51) though chytrids, zygomycetes, and basidiomycetes have also been detected by using molecular techniques (35). Communities can be species rich. For example, more than 200 species from wood in a single river have been reported (51), whereas the diversity of aquatic hyphomycetes that colonize mostly leaves is considerably lower (e.g., see reference 5). Aquatic fungi also show some substrate preferences (13, 22), so leaves and wood harbor different communities that may result in different biomass and activity. While several studies have quantified biomass and production of fungi associate...

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“…DNA fragments spanning rDNA ITS were amplified using the primers ITS1F and ITS4, and low-quality products were reamplified using ITS1 and ITS4 [36]. Double products were amplified from genomic DNA again using specific primers for basidiomycetes (ITS1F, ITS4Basidio; [7,37]) and ascomycetes (ITS5, ITS4Asco; [7,37]) in order to separate products. PCR condition used an initial cycle of 150 s at 94 °C, followed by 37 cycles of 30 s at 94 °C, 40 s at 50 °C, 30 s at 72 °C and a 270-s final extension at 72 °C.…”

Section: Root Sampling and Identification Of Ectomycorrhizasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Affects Ectomycorrhizal Species Abundance and Increases Sporocarp Production under Field Conditions

Godbold

Vašutová

Wilkinson

et al. 2015

Forests

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Anthropogenic activities during the last century have increased levels of atmospheric CO2. Forest net primary productivity increases in response to elevated CO2, altering the quantity and quality of carbon supplied to the rhizosphere. Ectomycorrhizal fungi form obligate symbiotic associations with the fine roots of trees that mediate improved scavenging for nutrients in exchange for a carbohydrate supply. Understanding how the community structure of ectomycorrhizal fungi is altered by climate change is important to further our understanding of ecosystem function. Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica were grown in an elevated CO2 atmosphere delivered using free air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) under field conditions in the U.K., and Picea abies was grown under elevated CO2 in glass domes in the Czech Republic. We used morphotyping and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region of the fungal ribosomal operon to study ectomycorrhizal OPEN ACCESSForests 2015, 5 1257 community structure. Under FACE, un-colonised roots tips increased in abundance for Fagus sylvatica, and during 2006, sporocarp biomass of Peziza badia significantly increased. In domes, ectomycorrhizal community composition shifted from short-distance and smooth medium-distance to contact exploration types. Supply and competition for carbon belowground can influence ectomycorrhizal community structure with the potential to alter ecosystem function.

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Taxon-specific fungal primers reveal unexpectedly high diversity during leaf decomposition in a stream

Cited by 150 publications

References 31 publications

Diversity of Fungi, Bacteria, and Actinomycetes on Leaves Decomposing in a Stream

Diversity of Fungi, Bacteria, and Actinomycetes on Leaves Decomposing in a Stream

Comparison of Fungal Activities on Wood and Leaf Litter in Unaltered and Nutrient-Enriched Headwater Streams

Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Affects Ectomycorrhizal Species Abundance and Increases Sporocarp Production under Field Conditions

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