Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar-added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes

Pfinder, Manuela; Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal; Pega, Frank; Gartlehner, Gerald; Fenton, Candida; Griebler, Ursula; Sommer, Isolde; Heise, Thomas L; Lhachimi, Stefan K.

doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012333

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The consumption of sweets and soft drinks should be avoided as they contain large amounts of saturated fats and sugars [ 23 , 26 ]. The WHO recommends consuming a maximum of 10.0% of one’s daily energy intake in the form of free sugars [ 22 , 27 , 28 ], which means a maximum amount of 50 g. In order to achieve health benefits, this amount should be halved [ 29 ]; this also applies to pregnant women [ 22 , 27 , 28 ]. Complete avoidance of specific foods during pregnancy, such as raw meat, raw fish, soft cheese, or energy drinks, is essential in the prevention of human toxoplasmosis or listeria infections.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health Knowledge of Lifestyle-Related Risks during Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of Pregnant Women in Germany

Oechsle

Wensing

Ullrich

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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This study aimed to investigate (1) pregnant women’s level of knowledge of lifestyle-related risk factors during pregnancy and their potential health impact on their offspring, and (2) the factors affecting women’s knowledge of lifestyle-related risk factors during pregnancy. A cross-sectional observational study of pregnant women was carried out in obstetric and gynecologic care settings at three hospitals in Southern Germany. Data from 209 pregnant women revealed large knowledge gaps on lifestyle-related risk factors during pregnancy and their potential health impact. Factors affecting women’s knowledge of lifestyle-related risk factors during pregnancy were specifically associated with socioeconomic status, e.g., lower household net income, middle educational level, and statutory health insurance status. Women who had received information from their gynecologist had a higher level of knowledge of lifestyle-related risk factors during pregnancy. This study showed that health promotion regarding lifestyle-related risks during pregnancy specifically needs to address women from the low-to-middle socioeconomic status group. Gynecologists seem particularly effective in providing this information.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medications during pregnancy can harm the embryo and fetus, as substances can cross the placenta and thus can directly reach the fetal blood circulation. It is recommended to consult a gynecologist before taking any medication during pregnancy [ 12 , 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Knowledge of Lifestyle-Related Risks during Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of Pregnant Women in Germany

Oechsle

Wensing

Ullrich

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…As such, a modified definition of overfat was previously presented and emphasized here: excess adiposity indicted by direct (DXA) or indirect (WHtR) measures combined with at least one additional measurable risk factor of impaired cardiometabolic or physical health (26). Universal public health guidelines addressing the overfat pandemic will require far more emphasis on reducing the consumption of refined carbohydrates, including added sugars (25), with taxation being one effective intervention (59).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the Global Overfat Pandemic

Maffetone

Laursen

2020

Front. Public Health

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The previously described overfat pandemic, estimated to be 62-76% worldwide, is comprised of individuals with excess body fat sufficient to impair health. The overfat condition is common in those who are overweight and obese, and can also occur in significant numbers of normal-weight non-obese individuals. Being overfat increases the risk for a wide spectrum of common cardiovascular and metabolic (cardiometabolic) abnormalities, chronic diseases and physical impairment. In some ethnicities, up to 40% or more of those who are normal-weight and non-obese may be overfat, a figure twice that used in the original global overfat estimates. In addition to the rates of overfat outpacing overweight and obesity, non-White populations outnumber Whites 6:1, with the recently estimated overfat prevalence being low when considering ethnicities such as Asians, Chinese, Africans and Latin Americans, including these individuals living among predominantly White populations. An awareness of the extent of the overfat pandemic is important because excess body fat can precede cardiometabolic risk factors, chronic diseases, and physical disabilities, and can reduce quality of life and increase healthcare expenditure. The purpose of this Perspective is to demonstrate that the global overfat prevalence of 62-76% may be considerably underestimated.

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“…According to the National Portuguese Food and Physical Activity Survey report, the average national consumption of simple sugars (mono-and di-saccharides) is 90 g (g)/day, contributing to an average of 19.8% for the total energy value and 17.3% in adults [8]. The consumption of free sugars contributes to an increased energy density of the diet, leading to a positive energy balance, higher waist circumference, and weight gain [3,7,9]. Moreover, given the strong association between whole body and abdominal fat mass with type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancers, the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend 15-30% of the total daily energy intake from fats and less than 10% intake of saturated fats [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The added sugars and lipids include mono-and di-saccharides added to foods during processing, preparation, or at the table, with the objective of sweetening and increasing the food palatability and shelf life, improving the texture, inhibiting growth microorganisms in high concentrations, give functional structures, or give more accessibility [4,7]. Added sugars mainly include yellow sugar, corn sweetener, dextrose, fructose, glucose, high fructose corn syrup, honey, lactose, maltose, malt sugar, molasses, raw, turbined sugar, trehalose, and sucrose [9]. They are mostly found in sugary drinks, pastry products, cookies, fruit juices, energy drinks, nectars, fruit juices concentrated fruit, white bread, and breakfast cereals [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Imbalance between Natural and Added Nutrient Sources Is Associated with Higher Fat Mass in Young Non-Obese Individuals

et al. 2021

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Increased energy intake from carbohydrates and sugars has been associated with overweight and obesity, risk factors for type 2 diabetes. However, such an association is higher with westernised diets with higher amounts of processed foods. Our aim was to correlate the dietary intake of sugars and lipids from naturally present and added sources with fat mass in young individuals. We performed an observational study in 80 young non-obese individuals, who completed food frequency and nutritional knowledge (NK) questionnaires, as well as an anthropometric evaluation. Foods were divided into naturally or added sources of sugars and lipids, and the intake from both sources was calculated separately. Individuals with a higher fat mass percentage had lower NK and lower consumption of lipids and sugars from naturally present sources. Moreover, consumption of lipids and sugars from naturally present sources was negatively correlated with nutritional knowledge and anthropometric markers of overweight, especially body weight and waist circumference. In non-obese young adults, lower consumption of sugars and lipids from naturally present sources instead of added ones is higher in individuals with excessive fat mass percentage and correlated with anthropometric markers of fat mass. Such dietary imbalance is associated with lower nutritional knowledge, suggesting that it could be a strategy to strengthen the prevention of obesity and associated pathologies later in life.

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Taxation of unprocessed sugar or sugar-added foods for reducing their consumption and preventing obesity or other adverse health outcomes

Cited by 16 publications

References 80 publications

Health Knowledge of Lifestyle-Related Risks during Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of Pregnant Women in Germany

Health Knowledge of Lifestyle-Related Risks during Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study of Pregnant Women in Germany

Revisiting the Global Overfat Pandemic

Dietary Imbalance between Natural and Added Nutrient Sources Is Associated with Higher Fat Mass in Young Non-Obese Individuals

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