Tax-Free Transit Benefits at 30: Evolution of a Free Parking Offset

Baker, Stuart; Judd, David; Oram, R L

doi:10.5038/2375-0901.13.2.1

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Likewise, the 2016 State of the Commute regional survey for Washington, DC, found that the share of workers offered transit incentives from employers declined as distance from the regional center increased, from 57% in the region's inner core to 25% in the middle ring and 10% in the outer ring (Ramfos 2017). Prior research empirically estimating the cross-elasticity of car parking and transit subsidies is not evident, but historically many employers introduced transit benefit plans to "equalize" or "offset" car parking subsidies (Baker, Judd, and Oram 2010). A car parking subsidy may therefore be likely to increase the chance of being offered a transit subsidy if employers seek to appear fair.…”

Section: Mpo Major City 2010 Population Survey Year/typementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Income Access to Employer-Based Transit Benefits: Evidence from 10 Large Metropolitan Regions

Hamre¹

2019

tdm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While national aggregate statistics suggest employer-based transit subsidies may be inaccessible to the majority of the working poor, this is the first study to investigate the subject with disaggregate data while controlling for additional factors. This study uses household travel surveys for 10 of the largest Metropolitan Planning Organizations, grouped into seven cases. In each case, the share of workers offered an employer-based transit subsidy is lowest for workers in the lowest income quintile. Binary logistic regression results for the odds of being offered an employer-based transit subsidy are presented for two cases, Washington, DC, and Denver, CO, and the results largely confirm that low-income workers are less likely to have access to employer-based transit subsidies than workers in higher income groups, even after controlling for other relevant worker and employer characteristics. These findings may be relevant to policy makers interested in supporting affordable access to opportunities.

show abstract

Section: Mpo Major City 2010 Population Survey Year/typementioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Income Access to Employer-Based Transit Benefits: Evidence from 10 Large Metropolitan Regions

Hamre¹

2019

tdm

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…106 As is noted in Baker, Judd and Oram (2010), this helps to explain why employer-provided parking is provided so widely, not only in the US, where the taxexemption is capped, but also in those countries where it is not at all tax-exempt.…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Environmental and Related Social Costs of the Tax Treatment of Company Cars and Commuting Expenses

Roy¹

2014

OECD Environment Working Papers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tax-Free Transit Benefits at 30: Evolution of a Free Parking Offset

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

Low-Income Access to Employer-Based Transit Benefits: Evidence from 10 Large Metropolitan Regions

Low-Income Access to Employer-Based Transit Benefits: Evidence from 10 Large Metropolitan Regions

Environmental and Related Social Costs of the Tax Treatment of Company Cars and Commuting Expenses

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About