Taurocholate Metabolism in Man

Ståhl, Elin; Arnesjö, B

doi:10.3109/00365527209180957

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…White et al suggested that microbial 7-dehydroxylases are not capable of modifying conjugated bile acids . However, Stahl et al disagreed with this hypothesis, given that they detected the dehydroxylation product of taurocholic acid, taurodeoxycholate, in humans . Here, we show that 50% of bile acids are resorbed in the ileum.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 45%

“…Bile acids are known to aid lipid digestion through their emulsification ability and are therefore an important part of the digestion process. They are produced in the liver, stored in the gall bladder, secreted into the duodenum, stimulated (for example, by secretin and cholecystokinine), reabsorbed, and reused in the enterohepatic circulation, which is facilitated by deconjugation, dehydrogenation, and dehydroxylation by microbes. ,, The regulation of bile acid production from cholesterol occurs via the FXR receptor, which also influences lipid and glucose metabolism. , Their activity depends not only on the amount of bile acids but also on their conjugation and hydroxylation pattern. Furthermore, bile acid receptors or the presence of nutrient transporters may be specific to different gut section sites .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 97% of secreted bile acids are resorbed in the ileum and recycled via enterohepatic circulation. The small fraction that escapes resorption reaches the large intestine, where it undergoes microbial deconjugation and hydroxylation and is then resorbed or excreted with feces. , Consequently, fecal choline, TMA, and bile acids can be impacted by multiple physiological factors including altered dietary intake, impaired intestinal absorption, hepatic influences, and shifts in the gut microbiome; thus, the biological interpretation has yet to be unraveled.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep Metabotyping of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract for the Visualization of Digestion and Microbial Metabolism

Heinzmann

Schmitt‐Kopplin

2015

J. Proteome Res.

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Despite the gut's longitudinal specialization for digestion and microbiome organization, most studies focus on the analysis of its end product, feces. To determine the metabolic and physiological functions of different sections of the gut, we aimed to define a comprehensive list of characteristic metabolites for the physiological gut sections and to quantify the selected pathways. We investigated the metabolic composition of seven different gut sections from four C57Bl/6N mice with nontargeted metabolite profiling using high-resolution NMR spectroscopy, which returned a comprehensive metabolite overview with a single analytical measurement per sample. Here we deliver a list of characteristic metabolites, describe metabolite changes along the gut, and highlight the site specificity for selected metabolite pathways. We find that the largest metabolic changes happen in the cecum, where the microbiome produces microbial metabolites. Furthermore, we show the evolution of bile acids along the gut and describe their site-specific conversion. We establish a metabolic basis for future investigations of metabolic perturbations, which can be introduced by dietary challenges or gene knockouts and provide valuable information for tailored study design and targeted sample collection.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 45%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deep Metabotyping of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract for the Visualization of Digestion and Microbial Metabolism

Heinzmann

Schmitt‐Kopplin

2015

J. Proteome Res.

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“…First, 2,3-BPG occurs abundantly in red blood cells, being at approximately 5 mmol L −1 [23]. Secondly, taurocholate is synthesized and excreted to bile canaliculi around periportal hepatocytes [24, 25], whereas UDP-glucuronate is biosynthesized predominantly in pericentral hepatocytes, which had a large capacity for xenobiotic detoxification [26, 27]. Our approach to analysis of metabolites at the microscopic level, serves as a powerful tool to investigate intralobular heterogeneity in metabolic systems in the liver.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-quantitative analyses of metabolic systems of human colon cancer metastatic xenografts in livers of superimmunodeficient NOG mice

et al. 2011

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Analyses of energy metabolism in human cancer have been difficult because of rapid turnover of the metabolites and difficulties in reducing time for collecting clinical samples under surgical procedures. Utilization of xenograft transplantation of human-derived colon cancer HCT116 cells in spleens of superimmunodeficient NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγnull (NOG) mice led us to establish an experimental model of hepatic micrometastasis of the solid tumor, whereby analyses of the tissue sections collected by snap-frozen procedures through newly developed microscopic imaging mass spectrometry (MIMS) revealed distinct spatial distribution of a variety of metabolites. To perform intergroup comparison of the signal intensities of metabolites among different tissue sections collected from mice in fed states, we combined matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF-IMS) and capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS), to determine the apparent contents of individual metabolites in serial tissue sections. The results indicated significant elevation of ATP and energy charge in both metastases and the parenchyma of the tumor-bearing livers. To note were significant increases in UDP-N-acetyl hexosamines, and reduced and oxidized forms of glutathione in the metastatic foci versus the liver parenchyma. These findings thus provided a potentially important method for characterizing the properties of metabolic systems of human-derived cancer and the host tissues in vivo.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00216-011-4895-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The quantitative contribution of hepatic taurine conjugation to taurine utilization can be extrapolated from published data (15,19,41). Glycine is another amino acid moiety used for bile acid conjugation (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine kinetics assessed using [1,2-¹³C₂]taurine in healthy adult humans

Rakotoambinina

Marks²,

Badran³

et al. 2004

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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Rakotoambinina, Benjamin, Lisa Marks, Abdul Monem Badran, Frank Igliki, François Thuillier, Pascal Crenn, Bernard Messing, and Dominique Darmaun. Taurine kinetics assessed using [1,2-13 C2]taurine in healthy adult humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 287: E255-E262, 2004. First published March 9, 2004 10.1152/ajpendo.00333.2003.-To assess the dynamics of taurine metabolism in vivo, two sets of studies were carried out in healthy volunteers. First, pilot studies were carried in a single human subject to determine the time course of plasma and whole blood isotope enrichment over the course of an 8-h, unprimed continuous infusion of [1,2-13 C2]taurine. Second, five healthy adult males received two tracer infusions on separate days and in randomized order: 1) a 6-h continuous infusion of [1,2-13 C2]taurine (3.1 Ϯ 0.2 mol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 ) and 2) a bolus injection of [13 C2]taurine (3.0 Ϯ 0.1 mol/kg). Isotope enrichments in plasma and whole blood taurine were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The pilot experiments allowed us to establish that steady-state isotope enrichment was reached in plasma and whole blood by the 5th h of tracer infusion. The plateau enrichment reached in whole blood was lower than that obtained in plasma taurine (P Ͻ 0.02). In the second set of studies, the appearance rate (Ra) of plasma taurine, determined from continuous infusion studies was 31.8 Ϯ 3.1 mol ⅐ kg Ϫ1 ⅐ h Ϫ1 . After a bolus injection of tracer, the enrichment decay over the subsequent 2 h was best fitted by a two-exponential curve. Taurine Ra was Ϸ85% higher when determined using the bolus injection technique compared with continuous infusion of tracer. We conclude that 1) taurine Ra into plasma is very low in healthy postabsorptive humans, and, due to taurine compartmentation between the extra-and intracellular milieus, may represent only interorgan taurine transfer and merely a small fraction of whole body taurine turnover; and 2) the bolus injection technique may overestimate taurine appearance into plasma. Further studies are warranted to determine whether alterations in bile taurine dynamics affect taurine Ra. constant infusion; bolus injection technique TAURINE (2-ETHANEAMINOSULFONIC ACID) IS, after glutamine, the second most abundant free amino acid in mammalian cells (2) and is involved in various physiological functions, including osmoregulation, defense against oxidative stress, detoxification of xenobiotics, membrane stabilization, retinal function, and bile conjugation (22). The two sources of body taurine are dietary intake and de novo taurine synthesis from methionine and cysteine, its sulfur amino acid precursors (22). Due to the limited taurine synthetic capacity of the newborn, taurine is considered a conditionally essential amino acid in infants (28). Taurine depletion has been described in adult patient populations as well (13, 50), as a result of either 1) increased utilization (11), 2) decreased intake (38), 3) decreased rate of de novo synthesis (45), or 4) various combinations of the thre...

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Taurocholate Metabolism in Man

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Deep Metabotyping of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract for the Visualization of Digestion and Microbial Metabolism

Deep Metabotyping of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract for the Visualization of Digestion and Microbial Metabolism

Semi-quantitative analyses of metabolic systems of human colon cancer metastatic xenografts in livers of superimmunodeficient NOG mice

Taurine kinetics assessed using [1,2-¹³C₂]taurine in healthy adult humans

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Taurocholate Metabolism in Man

Cited by 21 publications

References 15 publications

Deep Metabotyping of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract for the Visualization of Digestion and Microbial Metabolism

Deep Metabotyping of the Murine Gastrointestinal Tract for the Visualization of Digestion and Microbial Metabolism

Semi-quantitative analyses of metabolic systems of human colon cancer metastatic xenografts in livers of superimmunodeficient NOG mice

Taurine kinetics assessed using [1,2-13C2]taurine in healthy adult humans

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Taurine kinetics assessed using [1,2-¹³C₂]taurine in healthy adult humans