Taurine Transport by Reconstituted Membrane Vesicles

Schaffer, Stephen W.; Kulakowski, Elliott C.; Kramer, Jay H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-0402-0_10

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…First, taurine is transported via a sodium-taurine symporter (22,29). According to Suleiman et al (29), as [Na ϩ ] i increases to levels exceeding 20 mM, taurine efflux is enhanced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect of taurine depletion on osmotic sodium and calcium loading during chemical hypoxia

Schaffer

Solodushko

Kakhniashvili

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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Cellular sodium excess is cytotoxic because it increases both the intracellular osmotic load and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i). Because sodium levels rise during hypoxia, it is thought to contribute to hypoxic injury. Thus the present study tested the hypothesis that taurine-linked reductions in [Na+]i reduce hypoxia-induced cell injury. Taurine depletion was achieved by exposing isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes to medium containing the taurine analog β-Alanine. As predicted, the β-Alanine-treated cell exhibited less hypoxia-induced necrosis and apoptosis than the control, as evidenced by less swelling, shrinkage, TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling staining, and accumulation of trypan blue. After 1 h of chemical hypoxia, [Na+]i was 3.5-fold greater in the control than the taurine-deficient cell. Although more taurine was lost from the control cell than from the β-Alanine-treated cell during hypoxia, the combined taurine and sodium osmotic load was lower in the β-Alanine-treated cell. Taurine deficiency also reduced the degree of hypoxia-induced calcium overload. Thus the observed resistance against hypoxia-induced necrosis and apoptosis is probably related to an improvement in sodium and calcium handling.

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“…First, taurine is transported via a sodium-taurine symporter (22,29). According to Suleiman et al (29), as [Na ϩ ] i increases to levels exceeding 20 mM, taurine efflux is enhanced.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial effect of taurine depletion on osmotic sodium and calcium loading during chemical hypoxia

Schaffer

Solodushko

Kakhniashvili

2002

American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology

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“…, , Schaffer et al . ). Furthermore, the interaction is greatly reduced by proteases and phospholipase C, indicating that both membrane proteins and phospholipids are involved in the interaction (Kulakowski et al .…”

Section: Physiological Role Of Taurinementioning

confidence: 97%

Physiological role of taurine – from organism to organelle

et al. 2014

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Taurine is often referred to as a semi-essential amino acid as newborn mammals have a limited ability to synthesize taurine and have to rely on dietary supply. Taurine is not thought to be incorporated into proteins as no aminoacyl tRNA synthetase has yet been identified and is not oxidized in mammalian cells. However, taurine contributes significantly to the cellular pool of organic osmolytes and has accordingly been acknowledged for its role in cell volume restoration following osmotic perturbation. This review describes taurine homeostasis in cells and organelles with emphasis on taurine biophysics/membrane dynamics, regulation of transport proteins involved in active taurine uptake and passive taurine release as well as physiological processes, for example, development, lung function, mitochondrial function, antioxidative defence and apoptosis which seem to be affected by a shift in the expression of the taurine transporters and/or the cellular taurine content.

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“…Although limited taurine synthesis in the heart has been reported [84], most of accumulated cardiac tissue taurine is by uptake processes. The uptake from blood is sodium dependent and two different uptake systems have been suggested [85]. Two taurine binding proteins in sarcolemma have been noticed [86]; one has high affinity for taurine and the other has low affinity.…”

Section: (E) Cardiovascular Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine Analogues; A New Class of Therapeutics: Retrospect and Prospects

Gupta

Win

Bittner

2005

CMC

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Taurine was discovered more than two hundred years ago from animal sources. It is distributed in both mammals and non-mammals and its content is high in several tissues. For more than a century-and-a-half, taurine was regarded just as an end product of sulfur metabolism. Recently, taurine has been rediscovered and its beneficial effects in processes like epilepsy, hypertension, congestive heart failure and diabetes have been well-documented. It was patented and found some clinical utility, but being an amino acid, therapeutic use confronts limitations like restricted permeability and more. This necessitates the development of pro-drugs (analogues) mainly derivatives of taurine. A large number of taurine derivatives have been reported in the literature with partial to marked activity. Taurine derivatives like taltrimide, acamprosate and tauromustine, are already in the market as anti-convulsant, anti-alcoholic and anti-cancer agents. Many other analogues are effective in experimental models. The in depth analysis of these analogues and their biological actions can provide certain clues for further consideration. In the present review, attempts have been made to provide synopsis, synthesis and symbiosis of chemical and biological actions, which may provide future guidance and facilitate further research in this area. The successful journey of these analogues to clinical utility is a healthy and happy sign and an index of bright future, and we hope that this review will provide enough input to ignite the minds.

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Taurine Transport by Reconstituted Membrane Vesicles

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Beneficial effect of taurine depletion on osmotic sodium and calcium loading during chemical hypoxia

Beneficial effect of taurine depletion on osmotic sodium and calcium loading during chemical hypoxia

Physiological role of taurine – from organism to organelle

Taurine Analogues; A New Class of Therapeutics: Retrospect and Prospects

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