Taurine: retinal function

Lombardini, John B.

doi:10.1016/0165-0173(91)90003-q

Cited by 123 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Class El and I?2 cells are GABAergic by classical criteria (e.g., Yazulla, 1986;Marc, 1992) but differ in GABA, aspartate, glutamine, and taurine levels. Differentiation of GABAergic neurons based on taurine content has previously been noted in cerebellum (Ottersen et al, 1988) and cortex (Kritzer et al, 1992), but the difference in taurine signals is not explicable in terms of any obvious metabolic model (see review by Lombardini, 1991). Photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and most ganglion cells are generally considered to be glutamatergic neurons (Ehinger et al, 1988;Massey, 1990;Marc et al, 1990), but the signatures of class E4 ganglion cells differ from the El bipolar cell/photoreceptor class profile with approximately four times the glutamine, twice the aspartate, and less than one-fifth the taurine.…”

Section: Some Horizontal Cells May Use Glutamate As a Neurotransmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons

1995

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Pattern recognition of amino acid signals partitions the cells of the goldfish retina into nine statistically unique biochemical theme classes and permits a first-order chemical mapping of virtually all cellular space. Photoreceptors, bipolar cells, and ganglion cells display a set of unique, nominally glutamatergic type E1, E1+E2, and E4 signatures, respectively. All horizontal cells are assignable to a GABAergic gamma 2 class or a non-GABAergic class with a glutamate-rich E3 signature. The amacrine cell layer is largely a mixture of (1) a taurine-dominated T1 Muller's cell signature and (2) GABAergic gamma 1, glycinergic G1, and dual glycinergic/GABAergic G gamma 1 amacrine cell signatures. Several major conclusions emerge from this work. (1) Glutamatergic, GABAergic, and glycinergic neural signatures and glial signatures account for over 99% of the cellular space in the retina. (2) All known neurons in the goldfish retina are associated with a set of conventional nonpeptide neurotransmitters. (3) Multiple forms of metabolic profiles are associated with a single nominal neurotransmitter category. (4) Glutamate and aspartate contents exhibit overlapping distributions and are not adequate univariate probes for identifying cell classes. (5) Signatures can serve as quantitative measures of cell state.

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Section: Some Horizontal Cells May Use Glutamate As a Neurotransmittermentioning

confidence: 99%

Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons

1995

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“…Another possible function of taurine in the pineal and retinal tissues may be involved in the modulation of signal transduction (LOMBARDINI, 1991). Taurine reportedly possesses an inhibitory effect on protein phosphorylation which modulates and/or regulates synaptic transmission in the outer plexiform layer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possible functions of taurine suggested concerning the retinal tissue (LOMBARDINI, 1991) were: 1) protection of photoreceptor outer segments; 2) regulation of Ca2+ transport; and 3) regulation of signal transduction. In the pineal organ of the rat, in contrast, taurine content was found higher at mid-day than during night (NIR et al, 1973;MCNULTY et al, 1992) and inhibition of the release and/or synthesis of melatonin has been proposed as a possible role of taurine (BASKIN and DAGIRMANJIAN, 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunocytochemical Localization of Taurine in the Pineal Organ and Retina of an Anadromous Fish, Plecoglossus altivelis.

Omura

Hach

Furukawa

et al. 1997

Archives of Histology and Cytology

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“…Taurine is essential for many biological processes, such as bile salt synthesis (the major pathway of taurine metabolism), development of the brain and eyes, reproduction, osmoregulation as well as the anti-inflammatory activity of leukocytes (LOMBARDINI 1991;PARK et al 2002). It also plays a significant role as an antioxidant preventing the oxidative damage that occurs during the aging process (EPPER & DAWSON 2001).…”

Section: Taurinementioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesis of food constituents: Amino acids: 4. Non-protein amino acids - a review

Velı́šek¹,

Kubec²,

Cejpek³

2006

Czech J. Food Sci.

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This review article gives a brief survey of the principal pathways that lead to the biosynthesis of the most important non-protein amino acids occurring in foods and feeds. These amino acids have been divided into the following groups: 3-amino acids and 4-amino acids, N-substituted amino acids, alicyclic amino acids, hydroxyamino acids, sulfur-containing amino acids, basic amino acids, and taurine.

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Taurine: retinal function

Cited by 123 publications

References 183 publications

Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons

Pattern recognition of amino acid signatures in retinal neurons

Immunocytochemical Localization of Taurine in the Pineal Organ and Retina of an Anadromous Fish, Plecoglossus altivelis.

Biosynthesis of food constituents: Amino acids: 4. Non-protein amino acids - a review

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