Taurine mitigates the development of pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, and histopathological alterations in a rat model of bile duct ligation

Abstract

Lung injury is a significant complication associated with cholestasis/cirrhosis. This problem significantly increases the risk of cirrhosis-related morbidity and mortality. Hence, finding effective therapeutic options in this field has significant clinical value. Severe inflammation and oxidative stress are involved in the mechanism of cirrhosis-induced lung injury. Taurine (TAU) is an abundant amino acid with substantial anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. The current study was designed to evaluate the role of TAU in cholestasis-related lung injury. For this purpose, bile duct ligated (BDL) rats were treated with TAU (0.5 and 1% w: v in drinking water). Significant increases in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) level of inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, monocytes, and eosinophils), increased IgG, and TNF-α were detected in the BDL animals (14 and 28 days after the BDL surgery). Alveolar congestion, hemorrhage, and fibrosis were the dominant pulmonary histopathological changes in the BDL group. Significant increases in the pulmonary tissue biomarkers of oxidative stress, including reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, increased oxidized glutathione levels, and decreased reduced glutathione, were also detected in the BDL rats. Moreover, significant myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide levels were seen in the lung of BDL rats. It was found that TAU significantly blunted inflammation, alleviated oxidative stress, and mitigated lung histopathological changes in BDL animals. These data suggest TAU as a potential protective agent against cholestasis/cirrhosis-related lung injury.

Cholestasis-Associated Pulmonary Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Tissue Fibrosis: The Protective Role of the Biogenic Amine Agmatine

“…Finally, the supernatant was discarded, 1 mL of saline-EDTA solution was added, and it was homogenized by inverting. The cell suspension was kept at 4°C and used for further analysis [57, 59].…”

Mitochondrial Impairment and Oxidative Stress Are Essential Mechanisms Involved in the Pathogenesis of Acute Kidney Injury

“…Samples were incubated in dark for 10 min (37ºC shaker incubator). Finally, the fluorescence intensity was assessed using a FLUOstar Omega ® fluorimeter (λ excit = 485 nm and λ emiss = 525 nm) (9,37,40,48,49).…”

Oxidative Mechanisms and Cardiovascular Abnormalities of Cirrhosis and Portal Hypertension

“…This damage will ultimately lead to cirrhosis (defined as hepatic architectural damage characterized by nodular regeneration and diffuse fibrosis) [3]. Furthermore, oxidative stress also plays an important pathogenic role in portal hypertension (defined as a portal venous pressure of greater than 12 mm Hg) [4], cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) [5], hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) [6], cirrhosis-related pulmonary complications [7], and hepatic encephalopathy [8]. The present review aims to summarize the role of oxidative stress in cirrhosis-related cardiovascular changes including hyperdynamic circulation, CCM, cardiac arrhythmias, acute kidney injury (AKI), and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS).…”