Taurine in drinking water recovers learning and memory in the adult APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Kim, Hye Yun; Kim, Hyunjin V.; Yoon, Jin Ho; Kang, Bo; Cho, Soo Min; Lee, Se-Jin; Kim, Ji Yoon; Kim, Joo Won; Cho, Yakdol; Woo, Jiwan; Kim, Young Soo

doi:10.1038/srep07467

Cited by 111 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Increased dietary taurine has been postulated to improve cognitive function. [49] The fact that a protective effect was only seen with all cause dementia and not AD in our sample suggests that taurine acts through vascular rather than AD neurodegenerative pathways to clinical dementia. This is plausible as taurine is involved in blood pressure regulation and low dietary taurine is associated with hypertension in epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Association of amine biomarkers with incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study

Chouraki

Preis

Yang

et al. 2017

Alzheimer's & Dementia

106

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INTRODUCTION The identification of novel biomarkers associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) could provide key biological insights and permit targeted preclinical prevention. We investigated circulating metabolites associated with incident dementia and AD using metabolomics. METHODS Plasma levels of 217 metabolites were assessed in 2067 dementia-free Framingham Offspring Cohort participants (mean age=55.9±9.7 years; 52.4% women). We studied their associations with future dementia and AD risk in multivariate Cox models. RESULTS Ninety-three participants developed incident dementia (mean follow-up=15.6±5.2 years). Higher plasma anthranilic acid levels were associated with greater risk of dementia (HR=1.40; 95%CI=[1.15–1.70]; p=8.08×10–4). Glutamic acid (HR=1.38; 95%CI=[1.11–1.72]), taurine (HR=0.74; 95%CI=[0.60–0.92]) and hypoxanthine (HR=0.74; 95%CI=[0.60–0.92]) levels also showed suggestive associations with dementia risk. DISCUSSION We identified four biologically plausible, candidate plasma biomarkers for dementia. Association of anthranilic acid implicates the kynurenine pathway, which modulates glutamate excitotoxicity. The associations with hypoxanthine and taurine strengthen evidence that uric acid and taurine may be neuroprotective.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Association of amine biomarkers with incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study

Chouraki

Preis

Yang

et al. 2017

Alzheimer's & Dementia

106

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“…Taurine, as an osmotic regulator, antioxidant, membrane stabilizer, and neuromodulator, plays an important role in regulating the normal physiological activities of the brain. Taurine can cross the blood‐brain barrier and prevent β‐amyloid neurotoxicity and glutamate excitotoxicity, thereby contributing to neuroprotective effects [21]. Taurine and hypotaurine metabolism pathway was the major metabolic pathway in the DZXW for treating AD rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A metabolomic study of the urine of rats with Alzheimer's disease and the efficacy of Ding‐Zhi‐Xiao‐Wan on the afflicted rats

Wang

Liu

et al. 2020

J of Separation Science

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As a well-known traditional Chinese medicine formula, Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan has long been used for the routine treatment of Alzheimer's disease. However, the mechanism of Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan in treating Alzheimer's disease is unclear. Therefore, a nontargeted metabolomics method based on ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry has been established to explore the metabolic variations in the urine of Alzheimer's disease rats and investigate the therapeutic mechanism of Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan on Alzheimer's disease. To develop a better rat model of Alzheimer's disease, amyloid β25-35 was injected into the bilateral hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats. Multivariate analysis approaches were applied to differentiate the urine components between the four groups. Thereafter, a targeted metabolomics method was used to verify the identified endogenous metabolites and determine the mechanism of action of Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan. Altogether, 26 potential biomarkers were found, of which 15 biomarkers (10 of which are potential biomarkers found in nontargeted metabolomics) were identified. The results show that Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan mainly affects the pathways of taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, and phenylalanine metabolism. Ding-Zhi-Xiao-Wan might play a role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease by mediating antioxidative stress, regulation of energy metabolism, improvement of intestinal microbes, and protection of nerve cells.

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“…In our study, a UPLC/MS-based metabolomics approach was applied to the characterization of AD, and the protective effects of G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 were investigated in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. APP/PS1 mice are a reliable animal model for studies of AD prevention and treatment because they exhibit neurodegenerative changes in behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological aspects that are similar to those observed in humans with AD [26] , [27] . The cognitive dysfunctions and pathophysiological changes of APP/PS1 mice were alleviated by treatment with G-Rg1 and G-Rg2, which provides evidence for the protective effects of G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 against AD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A UPLC/MS-based metabolomics investigation of the protective effect of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2 in mice with Alzheimer's disease

Liu

et al. 2016

Journal of Ginseng Research

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BackgroundAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease, for which there is no effective drug therapy at present. Ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) and G-Rg2 have been reported to alleviate memory deterioration. However, the mechanism of their anti-AD effect has not yet been clearly elucidated.MethodsUltra performance liquid chromatography tandem MS (UPLC/MS)-based metabolomics was used to identify metabolites that are differentially expressed in the brains of AD mice with or without ginsenoside treatment. The cognitive function of mice and pathological changes in the brain were also assessed using the Morris water maze (MWM) and immunohistochemistry, respectively.ResultsThe impaired cognitive function and increased hippocampal Aβ deposition in AD mice were ameliorated by G-Rg1 and G-Rg2. In addition, a total of 11 potential biomarkers that are associated with the metabolism of lysophosphatidylcholines (LPCs), hypoxanthine, and sphingolipids were identified in the brains of AD mice and their levels were partly restored after treatment with G-Rg1 and G-Rg2. G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment influenced the levels of hypoxanthine, dihydrosphingosine, hexadecasphinganine, LPC C 16:0, and LPC C 18:0 in AD mice. Additionally, G-Rg1 treatment also influenced the levels of phytosphingosine, LPC C 13:0, LPC C 15:0, LPC C 18:1, and LPC C 18:3 in AD mice.ConclusionThese results indicate that the improvements in cognitive function and morphological changes produced by G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment are caused by regulation of related brain metabolic pathways. This will extend our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the effects of G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 on AD.

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Taurine in drinking water recovers learning and memory in the adult APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Cited by 111 publications

References 46 publications

Association of amine biomarkers with incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study

Association of amine biomarkers with incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease in the Framingham Study

A metabolomic study of the urine of rats with Alzheimer's disease and the efficacy of Ding‐Zhi‐Xiao‐Wan on the afflicted rats

A UPLC/MS-based metabolomics investigation of the protective effect of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rg2 in mice with Alzheimer's disease

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