Taurine, energy drinks, and neuroendocrine effects

Caine, Jonathan J; Geracioti, Thomas D.

doi:10.3949/ccjm.83a.15050

Cited by 50 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Taurine is found abundantly in meat and seafood, and relatively little is known about its neural and endocrine effects. The available data have been recently and comprehensively reviewed by Caine and Geracioti [27].…”

Section: Effects Of Other Energy Drink Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses to Energy Drinks—Clinical Implications

Somers

Svatikova

2020

JCM

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There is an increasing consumption of energy drinks both in the United States and worldwide. The components of these beverages are sometimes unclear but commonly include caffeine, sugars, taurine, and B-vitamins. Young people, particularly those engaged in sports, studying, and in the military are especially likely to be consumers of energy drinks. While limited data are available regarding their autonomic and hemodynamic effects, current literature suggests that energy drink consumption is accompanied by increases in blood pressure, sympathetic drive, and also in QT prolongation. There are no systematic long term studies identifying consequences of frequent energy drink consumption. However, multiple anecdotal reports implicate energy drinks in adverse cardiovascular events including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmia, myocardial infarction, and sudden death. Events such as atrial fibrillation may even occur in otherwise healthy subjects with structurally normal hearts. It is likely that these cardiovascular outcomes are triggered by the hemodynamic, autonomic, and electrocardiographic responses to energy drink consumption. What remains unclear is how concomitant use of other stimulants such as amphetamines and nicotine may interact to potentiate neural and circulatory responses and cardiovascular consequences when combined with energy drinks.

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Section: Effects Of Other Energy Drink Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses to Energy Drinks—Clinical Implications

Somers

Svatikova

2020

JCM

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“…Like guarana, yerba mate has a high caffeine concentration (78 mg caffeine per cup) ( 1 ) and is additionally thought to have benefits in the form of antioxidant capacity, weight management, and cancer prevention ( 19 ). Taurine has been reported to have anti-inflammatory actions and has been suggested in the treatment of epilepsy, heart failure, cystic fibrosis, and diabetes ( 20 ). B vitamins refer to a group of eight water soluble vitamins which generally play an important role in cell functioning, with vitamin B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine), and B12 being the most common B vitamins added to ED ( 1 ).…”

Section: Constituents and Ingredientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health Effects and Public Health Concerns of Energy Drink Consumption in the United States: A Mini-Review

Al-Shaar

Vercammen

et al. 2017

Front. Public Health

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As energy drink consumption continues to grow worldwide and within the United States, it is important to critically examine the nutritional content and effects on population health of these beverages. This mini-review summarizes the current scientific evidence on health consequences from energy drink consumption, presents relevant public health challenges, and proposes recommendations to mitigate these issues. Emerging evidence has linked energy drink consumption with a number of negative health consequences such as risk-seeking behaviors, poor mental health, adverse cardiovascular effects, and metabolic, renal, or dental conditions. Despite the consistency in evidence, most studies are of cross-sectional design or focus almost exclusively on the effect of caffeine and sugar, failing to address potentially harmful effects of other ingredients. The negative health effects associated with energy drinks (ED) are compounded by a lack of regulatory oversight and aggressive marketing by the industry toward adolescents. Moreover, the rising trend of mixing ED with alcohol presents a new challenge that researchers and public health practitioners must address further. To curb this growing public health issue, policy makers should consider creating a separate regulatory category for ED, setting an evidence-based upper limit on caffeine, restricting sales of ED, and regulating existing ED marketing strategies, especially among children and adolescents.

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“…Both sources are important to maintain the physiologic levels of taurine, and either can help to compensate the other in cases of deficiency. Taurine supplementation has been proposed to have beneficial effects in the treatment of epilepsy, heart failure and cystic fibrosis [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ameliorative effect of taurine-chloramine in azathioprine-induced testicular damage; a deeper insight into the mechanism of protection

Schaalan

Ramadan

Elwahab

2018

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundThe male reproductive system is a sensitive and intricate process that can be distressed following exposure to various toxicants. Therapeutic drugs, especially chemotherapeutics, can also adversely affect male fertility by instigating hormonal changes leading to testicular cells injury. Azathioprine (AZA) is an effective anticancer drug, but some cases of testicular toxicity have been reported. The aim of this work was to investigate the protective effects of taurine chloramine (TAU-Cl), a reported antioxidant and antiinflammtory peptide, against AZA-induced testicular dysfunction in male rats and ascertain the contributing mechanisms.MethodsForty male rats were allocated into four equal groups; (i) normal control rats, (ii) TAU-Cl group (100 mg/kg b.w/day for 10 weeks, (iii) AZA group (5 mg/day for 4 weeks); (iv) TAU-Cl/AZA group.ResultsAZA caused increased DNA damage in the testes, and alterations in sex hormones and sperm quality, including sperm count, viability, and motility. Moreover, testicular tissue from the AZA-treated group had increased levels of oxidative stress indicator, MDA, and decreased activity of the antioxidant enzymes as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) levels. These deleterious events were accompanied by upregulated levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and protein expression of iNOS and NFκB-p65, interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and proapoptotic marker; caspase-9, together with decreased Bcl-2, NrF2 and hemeoxygenase (HO-1) expression. In contrast, TAU-Cl pretreatment significantly abrogated these toxic effects which were confirmed histologically.ConclusionPretreatment with TAU-Cl exerts a protective effect against AZA-induced male reproductive testicular atrophy. This finding could open new avenues for the use of TAU-Cl as a complementary approach to chemotherapy supportive care.

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Taurine, energy drinks, and neuroendocrine effects

Cited by 50 publications

References 148 publications

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses to Energy Drinks—Clinical Implications

Cardiovascular and Autonomic Responses to Energy Drinks—Clinical Implications

Health Effects and Public Health Concerns of Energy Drink Consumption in the United States: A Mini-Review

Ameliorative effect of taurine-chloramine in azathioprine-induced testicular damage; a deeper insight into the mechanism of protection

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