Tattoo inks: Characterization and in vivo and in vitro toxicological evaluation

Arl, Miriam; Nogueira, Diego José; Köerich, Jéssica Schveitzer; Justino, Naiara Mottim; Vicentini, Denice Schulz; Matias, William Gerson

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.10.072

Cited by 26 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A cursory look at the chemical constituents of tattoo inks reveals a great chemical variability with an equally enormous list of possible biological effects of different chemicals and their combinations. Composition and toxicological effects of tattoo inks have been reviewed in detail in the literature and interested readers are pointed to informative articles by Arl et al (Arl et al 2019) and Laux et al (Laux et al 2016). The main components of tattoo inks are usually divided into several categories with the most important being vehicles (eg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…surfactants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nanoparticles and polymers), pigments (polycyclic compounds) and metals (eg. titanium, barium, aluminium and copper as colourants, or arsenic, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, lead or nickel as contaminants) (Arl et al 2019;Forte et al 2009a;Forte et al 2009b;Laux et al 2016;Serup et al 2020). Black and coloured inks differ greatly in their chemical composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of a color tattoo on the local skin redox regulatory network: an N-of-1 study

Homolak

2021

Free Radical Research

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Introduction:Tattooing has been extensively discussed in the literature in the context of hygiene and infectious diseases. On the other hand, pathophysiological effects of tattoo inks in the human body are yet to be elucidated. Oxidative stress is considered to be the most important mediator of potential adverse effects of tattooing, however at the moment there is no experimental evidence for tattoo ink-related oxidative stress in the human body. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a blue tattoo on skin redox regulatory network (RRN) parameters in a single human subject. Materials and Methods:A blue tattoo on my left forearm was used in the research. Tattooed skin surface oxidationreduction potential (ORP) experiment was done by a PH60F flat probe. Capillary blood from the tattoo and the control area was extracted and analyzed with I2/KI-stabilized microORP, nitrocellulose redox permanganometry (NRP), carbonato-cobaltate (III) formation-derived H2O2 dissociation rate assay, 1,2,3-Trihydroxybenzene autoxidation assay, thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) assay and 5,5,'-dithio-bis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB)-based determination of free thiol content in low molecular weight and protein precipitate fraction. Results:Surface ORP analysis revealed a greater antioxidant capacity of tattooed skin in comparison with the control (CTR). Capillary blood analysis confirmed slightly greater reductive capacity in the tattoo sample both by microORP (-4.33mV vs CTR) and NRP (+1.1%). Hydrogen peroxide dissociation rate (+11.8%), superoxide dismutase activity (+0.7%), and protein sulfhydryl content (+8.5%) were all increased, and lipid peroxidation (-15%) and low molecular weight thiols (-2.8%) were reduced in a tattoo sample in comparison with the CTR. Conclusion:In this N-of-1 study RRN of tattooed skin was shifted towards a more reductive state with most of the parameters indicating reduced levels of oxidative stress in comparison with nontattooed skin. Local antioxidant effect of copper(II) phthalocyanine provides one possible explanation of the observed effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of a color tattoo on the local skin redox regulatory network: an N-of-1 study

Homolak

2021

Free Radical Research

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“…The presence of different metals including Ti, Fe, Cr or Zn have been identified in the chemical composition of tattoo's ink [178]. Those elements, injected into the dermis, remain lifelong in the skin [179]. Moreover, recent data show that these inks contain metals incorporated in nano-and submicron particles [180].…”

Section: The Case Of Tattoosmentioning

confidence: 99%

The crucial contribution of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in medicine

Bazin¹,

Foy²,

Réguer³

et al. 2022

Comptes Rendus. Chimie

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This contribution tries to indicate to the clinician what kind of information can be investigated through X-ray fluorescence, what kind of information can be extracted from this spectroscopy and finally how it competes with other tools described in previous publications such as Fourier Transform Infrared or Raman spectroscopy, X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. To attain this goal, several examples based on X-ray fluorescence experiments performed on biological samples namely concretions, medical devices, biological fluids as well as tissues are presented.Résumé. Cette contribution vise à sensibiliser le clinicien sur l'utilisation de la spectroscopie de fluorescence X en précisant le type d'échantillon pouvant être étudié et les informations exploitables. De plus, la complémentarité avec d'autres techniques analytiques présentées dans des publications précédentes, telles que les spectroscopies vibrationnelles (spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier et Raman), la spectroscopie d'absorption des rayons X et la diffraction des rayons X est discutée. Différents résultats de mesures par spectroscopie de fluorescence X effectués sur des échantillons biologiques de différentes natures (concrétions, dispositifs médicaux, fluides et tissus biologiques) sont présentés.

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“…Les réactions inflammatoires peuvent se limiter au lieu d'implantation du tatouage, à distance ou parfois sur un colorant précis. Elles peuvent être suivies de complications locales, ou générales, comme une sarcoïdose systémique [2,9]. Il peut s'agir de :…”

Section: Article In Pressunclassified

“…Les encres et leurs constituants : déposés dans le derme superficiel, sont à l'origine d'intolérances, d'accidents divers et d'effets secondaires variés, avec réaction inflammatoire sur le site du tatouage ou à distance [2,3,6,9]. Leurs complications constatées par les médecins, restent peu ou mal connues de la population.…”

Section: Formes éTiologiques Ou Facteurs Déclenchantsunclassified

Uvéites et tatouages

Bazex

Arné

Lambert

2020

Bulletin de l'Académie Nationale de Médecine

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MOTS CLÉSUvéites ; Tatouage ; Sarcoïdose ; Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada mélanocyte Résumé Les complications des tatouages sont multiples et connues depuis de nombreuses années. Cependant, leur succès explique leur multiplication exponentielle dans tous les pays. Cela a permis de confirmer l'apparition de deux nouvelles complications : une réaction de type sarcoïdose cutanée, localisée ou à distance, ainsi que l'apparition d'uvéites cliniques et histologiques. Ceci dans le cadre d'une réaction d'hypersensibilité retardée, et/ou bien d'une réaction granulomateuse. Leur prévention reste assez mal connue. Elle impose de réaliser chez chaque sujet porteur d'un tatouage un bilan de sarcoïdose systémique ainsi qu'une enquête ophtalmologique à la recherche d'une éventuelle uvéite. Si elle se confirme, seront aussitôt réalisés en urgence des mesures préventives et thérapeutiques afin d'éviter une cécité. Ces nouvelles complications confirment l'extrême gravité de l'utilisation d'encres non contrôlées, véritables mélanges toxiques et sensibilisants, notablement lors de tatouages colorés étendus. Ces encres colorées particulièrement agressives libèrent dans l'organisme de multiples substances et nanoparticules dont on ne mesure pas toutes les conséquences néfastes, à moyen et long terme. SummaryThe complications of tattoos are multiple and known for many years. However, their success explains their exponential multiplication in all countries. This confirmed the development of two new complications: a localized or remote skin sarcoidosis reaction, as well as the development of clinical and histological uveitis. This is in the context of a delayed hypersensitivity reaction, or a granulomatous reaction. Their prevention remains rather poorly known. It requires that each tattoo-carrying subject perform a systemic sarcoidosis check-up as well as an ophthalmological investigation in search of possible uveitis. If confirmed, preventive and therapeutic measures will be carried out in emergencies to avoid blindness. These new complications confirm the extreme severity of the use of uncontrolled inks, real toxic and sensitizing mixtures, ଝ Étant donné le contexte sanitaire épidémique lié au Covid-19 du mois de mars 2020, la présentation orale de cette communication en séance à l'Académie a été reportée.

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Tattoo inks: Characterization and in vivo and in vitro toxicological evaluation

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

The effect of a color tattoo on the local skin redox regulatory network: an N-of-1 study

The effect of a color tattoo on the local skin redox regulatory network: an N-of-1 study

The crucial contribution of X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy in medicine

Uvéites et tatouages

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