TAT-based drug delivery system – new directions in protein delivery for new hopes?

Oral Treatment with the d-Enantiomeric Peptide D3 Improves the Pathology and Behavior of Alzheimer’s Disease Transgenic Mice

“…D3 thereby shifts the equilibria among Aβ monomers, oligomers, and fibrils toward Aβ-D3 aggregates that are nonamyloidogenic and may be more amenable to degradation processes. Although D3 does not necessarily need to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in order to do this, a cell culture model revealed D3 to cross the BBB significantly, indicating an adsorptive-mediated Article transcytosis mechanism (41), very similar to that reported for other arginin-rich proteins such as Tat (42).…”

Targeting antibodies to the cytoplasm

“…Examples of the potential therapeutic applications of PTD-based delivery, in contrast, have already been proposed. 189,190 On the other hand, larger complexes may benefit from sedimentation onto the cells and have the advantage of known increases in transfection efficiency with lower toxicity due to the requirement of decreased amounts of transfection reagent. A major problem of PTD-based delivery is its general inefficiency and endosomal entrapment.…”

The neuroprotective potential of arginine-rich peptides for the acute treatment of traumatic brain injury

“…peptides, proteins, drugs) into the brain and neurons without any apparent toxicity in preclinical studies. TAT-mediated uptake into the brain is attributable to its composition of the basic amino acids lysine (K) and especially arginine (R), which confer a positive charge to the peptide [9]. Interactions between the cationic TAT peptide and anionic cell surface structures induces endocytosis and/or membrane transduction resulting in the transport of TAT and its cargo across the blood-brain barrier and cell membranes.…”